Complex and protracted conflicts in various regions of the world such as Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, DRC, Central African Republic as well as worsening humanitarian crises such as Ethiopia, and Yemen highlight the imperative of adaptive and dynamic international humanitarian responses that are attuned to the challenges of armed conflicts and vulnerabilities of civilian populations.  I speak to Mamadou Sow, Head of The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, on the state of international humanitarian action and the enduring relevance of IHL in the contemporary conflict landscape.