At the police station: Detektiv West vyslýchá na policejní stanici dva známé zloděje. Snaží se zjistit, zda mají alibi. Vyšetřuje každého zvlášť. Try to spot the differences in their stories: WEST : Hello Mr Davies. DAVIES: Hello, hello. WEST: Mr Davies, could I ask you some questions? DAVIES: Of course. No problem, no problem, no problem WEST: Thank you. Now, Mr Davies, where were you on Tuesday lunchtime? DAVIES: I was um…with Harry…my friend Harry Robertson. Yes, that's right. We had lunch together WEST: Uh huh DAVIES: It was a nice restaurant. We both had chicken, or was it fish - no it was chicken. WEST: Uh huh. And was it expensive? DAVIES: Yes, it was actually, thirty pounds! WEST: (AGREES) Hmm. And who paid? DAVIES: That's a funny question. Um, I did. It was my treat. WEST: Thank you Mr Davies. WEST: Hello Mr Robinson. ROBINSON: Hello, how are you? WEST: Fine thank you. Now I understand you recently had lunch with Mr John Davies. ROBINSON: Ah yes John, my best mate. We had lunch on Thursday. We had chicken. It was delicious. WEST: And what was the bill? ROBINSON: Um…thirteen pounds. WEST: Uh huh. And who paid? ROBINSON: Um…John.....what a nice guy. WEST: Uh huh ROBINSON: Isn't that what he told you? Well I'm not surprised. He's a bit of a liar, John is. I wouldn't trust him if I were you. WEST: Thank you Mr Robinson. ROBINSON: He's spent a lot of time in prison you know and….. Komplicové se dvakrát neshodli. Jeden tvrdil, že byli na obědě v úterý, a druhý ve čtvrtek: Tuesday - Thursday. Jeden říkal, že to stálo třicet, a druhý třináct liber: thirteen - thirty.

At home with Mr and Mrs Reynolds: Syn Johnny dělá ve škole francouzštinu a jeho francouzštinářka volá domů rodičům: MR R: Telephone MRS R: I'll get it. (LIFTS RECEIVER) Hello TEACHER: (PHONE LINE) Hello, Mrs Reynolds, this is Johnny's French teacher. MRS R: Oh hello (WHISPERS TO MR R) It's Johnny's teacher. MR R: (PLEASED) Oh TEACHER: (COMPLAINING) Mrs Reynolds, Johnny is always talking during my lesson MRS: (PLEASED) Oh TEACHER I’ll really have to do something about this…. Johnny při hodině vyrušuje, soustavně mluví… Ovšem paní Reynoldsová tlumočí telefonní rozhovor manželovi poněkud jinak: MRS R: Well thank you for calling - goodbye (PUTS DOWN RECEIVER) (PLEASED) Hmmm MR R: What did she say? MRS R: She said that…Johnny always talks during her lesson. MR R: (PLEASED) Oh, that's good. You should always talk during a language lesson. MRS R: (SATIFIED) Yes Francouzštinárka použila prubehový cas: Johnny is always talking during the lesson. Sloveso v prubehovém case naznacuje, že jde o stížnost - Johnny mluví príliš. Podobne si napríklad muže manželka postežovat na manžela: My husband is always listening to the radio - manžel je fanatik a má bohužel porád puštené rádio. Kdyby místo toho použila prostý prítomný cas: My husband always listens to the radio, potom jenom konstatuje fakt, že manžel hodne poslouchá rádio - není na tom nic odsouzeníhodného. Stejne tak by mohla ucitelka ríct o Johnnym: Johnny always talks during the lesson. Znamenalo by to, že Johnny pri hodine hodne mluví - aktivne si procvicuje mluvenou francouzštinu. Slovesný tvar mení význam vety.

At home with Mr and Mrs Reynolds: MR R: Telephone MRS R: I'll get it (LIFTS RECEIVER) Hello TEACHER: Hello, Mrs Reynolds, this is Johnny's teacher. MRS R: (A LITTLE WORRIED) Oh hello. TEACHER: (COMPLAINING) Mrs Reynolds, Johnny was late for school this morning…. MRS R: Oh yes I'm sorry, we overslept. TEACHER: Johnny mustn't be late for school.. MRS R: Sorry TEACHER: He has to be on time ….and he mustn't bring his football to school. MRS R: Of course. Paní Reynoldsová tlumočí telefonát manželovi: MRS R: Well thank you for calling - goodbye…goodbye (PUTS DOWN RECEIVER) Oh dear. MR R: What did she say? MRS R: Erm, she said that…Johnny has to be on time for school. MR R: She's right MRS R: Yes, and she said something about a football. I think she said “he doesn’t have to bring his football to school”.. MR R: (RELIEVED) Oh that doesn’t matter. He likes taking his football to school. She shouldn't worry about that. It's not a problem. To, že Johnny nesmí chodit pozdě do školy, je Reynoldsovým jasné: he mustn't be late for school/ he must be on time. Nedorozumění nastalo ohledně míče. Učitelka řekla: Johnny mustn't bring his football to school - nesmí nosit míč do školy. Paní Reynoldsová v rozčilení větu změnila na: Johnny doesn't have to bring his football to school. To by znamenalo, že nemusí míč nosit.

At a restaurant: Hosté čekají dvacet minut na objednávku. Když konečně číšník přijde, plete si dvě slova: What two words does he confuse? MAN: Oh waiter -.waiter!! WOMAN: (FUMING) Oh, the service here is terrible. We have been sitting here for 20 minutes. Where is the waiter?!! MAN: Waiter! Oh, here he comes. WAITER: Hello! Are you ready to order? WOMAN: (FED UP) Oh!!! WAITER: What's the matter Madam? MAN: She's angry. WAITER: LAUGH Well, she's come to the right place. Most people who come to this restaurant are hungry. MAN: No, that's not what I said. WAITER: (STILL ENJOYING HIS JOKE - HOOTS) MAN: Oh never mind. Host vrchnímu oznamuje, že jeho společnice je rozčilená: she's angry. Vrchní místo toho slyší: she's hungry a zažertuje, že ho to nepřekvapuje, protože jinak by asi nebyla v restauraci. WAITER: What would you like madam WOMAN: Mmmm, I'd like something quite filling. I'm hungry. WAITER: I'm sorry madam. What did I say? Don't be angry. WOMAN: What? I didn't say I was angry. I said I was - oh never mind.

At a restaurant: MAN: Oh I have got some news. There's a new manager in my department. WOMAN: Oh, what's he like? MAN: She. WOMAN: Ah! What's she like? MAN: Oh, I don't know - the usual things women like. Shopping, flowers What do you like? WOMAN: Very funny. That's not what I was asking. Manželka automaticky předpokládá, že manželův nový šéf je muž, manžel ji vyvádí z omylu a ona se potom zvědavě zeptá: What's she like? - (Jaká je?) Ovšem tato otázka se dá lehce splést se zkrácenou formou otázky: What does she like? (Co má ráda?) Ta zkráceně zní velice odobně: "Whadazshelike?" Konverzace v restauraci pokračuje: WOMAN: Come on. What's she like? Your new manager. MAN: She's all right. She's a bit serious. She doesn't laugh a lot. WOMAN: Oh dear. And…What does she look like? MAN: Um ….. She looks like a manager. WOMAN: Oh dear. Další podobná otázka s like - What does she look like? Jak vypadá?

Being sarcastic: Sarkasmus se objevuje ve všech jazycích. Otec se synem se baví o hudbě. Do they have the same taste in music? FATHER: SINGING HAPPILY ALONG WITH SONG SON: Dad, Dad! FATHER: Oh hi! Listen, listen listen to this song. It's great, isn't it? SON: (GROAN THEN ULTRA SARCASTIC) Oh yeah, it's really great. FATHER: Are you being sarcastic? Syn je - jak říkají Angličané - sarkastický, česky - nemyslí to vážně, je ironický. Když se vám něco opravdu líbí, řeknete: It's great. It's really great! To samé můžete říct, když to myslíte ironicky. FATHER: Are you being sarcastic? SON: Me? (ULTRA SARCASTIC) No, this music is great Dad. It's really great. FATHER: (PRETENDING HE DOESN'T UNDERSTAND) Oh good. I want to buy you some music. SON: (SURPRISED - PLEASED) Oh….Great! Thanks very much. FATHER: Some music like this. SON: (SARCASTIC) Oh…Great. Thanks very much.

About the weather: Protože počasí je v Británii vrtkavé, lidé pravidelně poslouchají předpověď: What's the weather forecast? DJ Coming up - the weather and I've got some good news…. WOMAN: Paul! Let's go! MAN: (TRYING TO LISTEN TO FORECAST) Just …just a minute. PRESENTER: It's going to be sunny, sunny, sunneeeeeeeee! MAN: (TURNS OFF RADIO) Great. WOMAN: (APPROACHING/ COMPLAINING) Paul, let's go. MAN: Okay, okay, I was just listening to the weather forecast. WOMAN: And? MAN: It's supposed to be sunny today. WOMAN: Oh good. Let's go. Mělo by svítit slunce, s výletem k moři to vypadá dobře. DJ řekla: It's going to be sunny. Muž ovšem manželce tlumočil předpověď trochu jinak, použil sloveso: Supposed to. It's supposed to be sunny. Tímto slovesem tvrzení zpochybňujeme. SOUND OF RUMBLING THUNDER AND TORRENTIAL RAIN. WOMAN: Oh Paul. You said it was going to be sunny. MAN: No I didn't. No I didn't. I said it was supposed to be sunny. There's a difference. WOMAN: Oh Paul. Sloveso supposed se dá použít, když chcete vyjádřit překvapení, že se něco nestalo. Jako v tomto případě - prší a mělo svítit slunce! It was supposed to be sunny.

About time: Dědeček s vnučkou se baví o Paříži: YOUNG WOMAN: Granddad! GRANDDAD: Tanya! Good to see you. YOUNG WOMAN: Granddad, did Mum tell you - I've been to Paris GRANDDAD: Really. I've been to Paris ….many times - lovely city - Paree! YOUNG WOMAN: Yes, well, I was in Paris last week. GRANDDAD: Really? Táňa byla v Paříži minulý týden. Řekla: I was in Paris last week - užila the simple past – minulý čas prostý. Dědeček byl v Paříži taky, ale nevíme kdy. Použil slovesný čas: - the present perfect: have been. V tomto případě není potřeba časový údaj - kdy přesně. Když naopak chceme čas udat, musíme použít the simple past: YOUNG WOMAN: Yes, I was in Paris last week. (TEASING) When were you in Paris - 40 years ago? GRANDDAD: Yes, I was in Paris 40 years ago, but I have been there since then. YOUNG WOMAN: When? GRANDDAD: Last week. YOUNG WOMAN: Really?!! GRANDDAD: Yes, I was in Paris last week. Didn't your mother tell you? Ve větě: I've written a letter to the BBC - není přesný časový údaj - napsala jsem ten dopis někdy v minulosti. Ve větě s minulým časem prostým časový údaj je: I wrote it last week.

About sport: Does the man like football? WOMAN: Do you like football? MAN: (INDIFFERENT) Yeah WOMAN: (SUSPICIOUS) You don't, do you? MAN: (DEFENSIVE) No, I do. WOMAN: (AMAZED) You don't like football? MAN: No, I DO!!!! WOMAN : Don't you like football?!! MAN: No, I do. Muž fotbal má rád, ale žena mu to nevěří. Obligátní otázku: Do you like football? změnila na: Don't you like football? První otázka je neutrální, druhá vyjadřuje překvapení. A pokud fotbal máte rádi, pak můžete tazatele buď opravit a začít s negativním slůvkem: No, I do, a nebo se dá taky odpovědět kladně: Yes, I do. WOMAN: Do you like cricket? MAN: Mmmm WOMAN: You don't like cricket. MAN: I can't say I do. WOMAN: (REALLY SHOCKED) Don't you like cricket?!! MAN: No I don't WOMAN: Why not? MAN: It's boring. Na přímou otázku - přímá odpověď: Do you like cricket? No, I don't

At the train station: Na rušném nádraží přijíždí na jedno nástupiště vlak z Londýna a z jiného naopak vlak do Londýna odjíždí. Ovšem v hlášení to spletli. Can you hear a mistake? EMPLOYEE: (THROUGH TANNOY) The train from London is at Platform 1. The train for London is at Platform 2. MALE PASSENGER: Sorry, which platform is the train from London? I'm meeting my mother. EMPLOYEE: Platform 1 Sir. WOMAN PASSENGER: Which platform for the train for London? EMPLOYEE: Platform 2 Madam.(TANNOY:) The train for London is at Platform 1. The train from London is at Platform 2. V hlášení vyměnili dvě podobné předložky: for a from: Jeden vlak jede do Londýna, druhý z Londýna: The train for London. The train from London.

About decorating: Malování, tapetování. Potřeby pro domácí kutily se prodávají v obchodech zvaných DIY - Do It Yourself - “udělej si sám”. Dva sousedi se baví o malování: WOMAN: My kitchen needs decorating. I'm going to paint it this weekend. MAN: Really? Yourself? (SNOBBY) My kitchen needs decorating but I'm going to HAVE it painted. WOMAN: You're going to HAVE it painted. That'll be expensive. I can't afford it. MAN: (SNOBBY) Yes but DIY is not for me. "DIY není nic pro mě!" - říká soused. Najímá si malíře pokojů. I'm going to have it painted. Sousedka si vymaluje sama. I'm going to paint it this weekend.. Soused použil takzvané Příčinné have - dám si ji vymalovat. WOMAN: So you're going to have your kitchen painted…by professional decorators. That'll cost A LOT of money. No, I can't afford it. MALE: So you are going to do it yourself. Hmmm. WOMAN: Yup! I'm going to paint my kitchen all weekend…and then. I'm going on holiday. Are you going away this year? MAN: Me? Going away on holiday? You must be joking! I can't afford it! Soused si pro změnu nemůže dovolit jet na dovolenou: I can't afford it. You must be joking!

About Vancouver: Muž se rozplývá nad Vancouverem. Has he been to Vancouver? MAN: I would love to live in Vancouver. It's said to be the most beautiful city in the world. WOMAN: Really. MAN: It's said to have perfect weather. WOMAN: Really WOMAN: They say the weather there is always lovely. WOMAN: Really MAN: That's what people say. WOMAN: Really. Muž sám ve Vancouveru nikdy nebyl, chválí město na základě pověsti, kterou toto město má. Pokud se chcete opřít o něco, co víte z doslechu, popřípadě co jste četli, hodí se k tomu výraz: It is said - slyšel jsem/prý. O Vancouveru se říká, že je to nejkrásnější město na světě. They say the weather is always lovely - Prý je tam pořád příjemně. MAN: Yes, Vancouver is a really REALLY beautiful city - that's what I've heard. WOMAN: But you have never been there. MAN: No. WOMAN: Well then how do you know? MAN: Because…because that's what I've heard. WOMAN: Well I've been to Vancouver. MAN: Yes? WOMAN: It is a beautiful city. MAN: See?!

Direct / indirect speech About promises: Sliby - chyby. Žena si nechává vymalovat kuchyň, odchází do práce a před odchodem se ujišťuje, kdy bude malíř s prací hotov: When will the job be finished? WOMAN: Well I'm off now. I'll be back after work. DECORATOR: Oh, I'll be finished by then. WOMAN: You'll be finished by the time I get back. DECORATOR: No problem, no problem. Don't worry. WOMAN: See you later. DECORATOR: Don't worry Luv. I'll be finished by the time you get home. DOOR CLOSES DECORATOR: First, I need a cup of tea. Malíř slibuje, že bude s malování hotov dřív, než se vrátí z práce: I'll be finished by the time you get home. Žena se vrací z práce a je samozřejmě otrávená: WOMAN: (DISAPPOINTED) Hello. DECORATOR: What's the matter Luv? WOMAN: I'm a bit disappointed. DECORATOR: Why? WOMAN: You said you would be finished by the time I got home. DECORATOR: But it's early. WOMAN: It's eight o'clock. DECORATOR: Don't worry Luv. I'll be finished in one or two hours (probably). WOMAN: SIGH DECORATOR: So, what's for supper? Malíř slíbil: I will be finished by the time you get home. A žena mu to po příchodu z práce připomíná: You said you would be finished by the time I got home. Porovnejte tyto dvě věty - v přímé řeči - sloveso: will a v řeči nepřímé se mění na: would.

About confidence: Carol má sebevědomí na rozdávání. Rozhodla se naučit se hrát na housle. Soustřeďte se na frázová slovesa se společným základem take. CAROL: Julie! JULIE: Carol! CAROL: Come in, come in. Take off your coat. I've got some great news. I'm taking up the violin. JULIE: The violin - why? It's very difficult. CAROL: Oh no, no. I've really taken to it. ………….I take after my father you know. He was very musical. He used to whistle a lot. WHISTLE A TUNE. JULIE: Yes but…. CAROL: Listen to this. Čtyři frázová slovesa mají společný základ take, ovšem přidaná předložka či částice podstatně mění význam. Julia přichází na návštěvu ke Carol, a ta jí říká: odlož si - sundej si kabát: Take off your coat. Potom jí oznamuje novinku, že se začíná učit hrát na housle: I'm taking up the violin. Rozhodla jsem se začít s houslemi a dodává: I've really taken to it - baví mě to, chytlo mě to. Otec byl údajně hudebně nadaný a Carol si myslí, že je nadaná po něm. Jsem po něm: I take after my father. JULIE Carol! Carol! CAROL: (STOPS PLAYING/ CAN'T UNDERSTAND) What? JULIE: Carol…Carol. I'm your friend….You're not musical. CAROL: (OUTRAGED) What?!!!! Take that back! Take that back - this minute! JULIE: (SHEEPISH) Sorry CAROL: ..and my career in music is going to take off!!! Carol je přesvědčená, že její kariéra odstartuje: My career is going to take off! Julie nesouhlasí, snaží se ji šetrně varovat, že není po tatínkovi, že není muzikální, ale na to Carol vybuchne: Take that back! - Vezmi to zpátky!

This programme is interesting: Zákazník na trhu shání ponožky: CUSTOMER: Um hello. I'm interested in buying some socks STALL HOLDER: Some socks sir. No I'm sorry I don't have any socks sir, but I have … some teacups! CUSTOMER: No, no, I'm not interested. (LEAVING) Thanks a lot. STALL HOLDER: No wait wait. These are very interesting teacups. Each teacup is a different colour CUSTOMER: Yes, very interesting. STALLHOLDER: So how many do you want? CUSTOMER: No I'm not interested. STALLHOLDER: But you said they were interesting. CUSTOMER: Yes, but I said I'm not interested. Zákazníka nezajímají hrníčky - he is not interested, i když připouští, že jsou zajímavé: interesting. I'm interested in buying some socks. Chtěl bych si koupit ponožky. I am not interested. Nemám o ně zájem. STALL HOLDER: (WRAPPING IT UP) Listen Sir. I'll give you a good price. Ł1 for each cup. CUSTOMER: No. I'm not interested. I'm interested in buying some socks! STALLHOLDER: All right I'll give you 5 cups for Ł1. CUSTOMER: No no no. I'm not interested. STALLHOLDER: 10 cups! CUSTOMER: No....10 cups? Hmm that sounds interesting. I might be interested. STALLHOLDER: Here you go sir. One pound please.