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The Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics organizes regular colloquia about topics of current interest in the field of theoretical physics.
Active feedback and functionality in model tissues
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC)
59 minutes 33 seconds
3 months ago
Active feedback and functionality in model tissues
In the development of animals, tissues self-organise starting from a single cell into lay- ers, shapes and patterns. This active mechanical process operates beyond the theoretical framework of reaction-diffusion equations such as Turing patterns. At the same time, combining active driving with careful mechanical design of a system is distinct route to pattern formation and artificial functionality. Here, I will begin by introducing vertex models, a tissue model where the two dimensional cell layer is approximated by a polygonal tilings. I will then how two types of active driving can generate function: First, for polar active materials, a coupling of activity to force, a.k.a. self-alignment, is generic. Governed by the activity-elasticity interactions, it generates either flocking or oscillatory dynamics depending on the boundary conditions of the tissue. Second, mechanochemical stress feedback in cell-cell junctions arises from the catch bond dynamics of the actomyosin cortex. It allows a junction to generate a contractile force that can overcome external pulling and thus allow for an active rear- rangement or T1. In vertex and continuum models, for strong enough feedback this gives rise to convergence-extension flows where the flow is opposite the direction of mechanical polarisation, effectively generating a negative viscosity state.
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC)
The Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics organizes regular colloquia about topics of current interest in the field of theoretical physics.