Chapter 5 is focused on the risk of capture of international courts by NGOs. The chapter reviews the advantages and disadvantages of NGO involvement in international courts' proceedings either as direct applicants, through filing amicus curiae briefs, or informally. Different procedures are recommended for different international courts depending on their circumstances. The second part of the chapter is focused on the reputational sanctions NGOs can create after an international court issues its judgment. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative empirical research I conducted and on insights from Social Network Analysis, the chapter argues that international courts can create conditions in which NGOs process shaming information accurately. This separate paper describes the key arguments in the chapter: https://privpapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2774040