Root canals have a reputation problem, not a pain problem. We open the black box and show how endodontic therapy actually works: from the three-layer tooth anatomy (enamel, dentin, pulp) to why cold zings happen, what a lingering night ache means, and how that tiny gum “pimple” signals a draining abscess. With clear explanations and zero fluff, we map the journey from diagnosis to comfort: gentle anesthesia, rubber dam isolation, precise cleaning of the canals, and a tight seal with gutta‑per...