Early internet skepticism stemmed from a variety of factors, including concerns about its practicality, accessibility, and impact on society. Here's a summary of some key points:

●Clifford Stoll, a prominent internet skeptic, famously argued in Newsweek that the internet wouldn't replace established institutions like newspapers, teachers, and salespeople. He viewed the internet as an "unedited wasteland" of information, difficult to navigate and lacking in reliable sources. Stoll also expressed concerns about the internet's potential to isolate people, replacing real-world interactions with virtual substitutes.

●Usability Concerns: In the 1990s, the internet was still a relatively new and unfamiliar technology for many. Its text-based interfaces and slow connection speeds made it difficult to use.

●Fear of Spam and Security Risks: Early internet users worried about spam, computer viruses, and the potential for fraud and identity theft. Concerns about the security of personal information shared online contributed to skepticism.

●Doubts About Mass Adoption: Some experts, like Waring Partridge, doubted the internet's ability to achieve widespread adoption. They believed retraining millions of people to use the internet would be a significant obstacle.

●Underestimating Potential: Many, like comedian Marc Maron, dismissed the internet as "hype", failing to see its potential beyond a limited scope. They saw computers primarily as toys rather than essential tools for communication and information access.

These skeptics, although ultimately proven wrong in many ways, raised valid concerns about the internet's early limitations. Their perspectives highlight the challenges of predicting the impact of emerging technologies, particularly before they reach maturity and widespread adoption.