News Roundup
Landfill Ban Enforcement Paused
Scotland’s long-awaited landfill ban has been delayed once again, as SEPA introduces a temporary enforcement approach to give operators more time to comply. Under the new framework, landfill operators can apply for six-month extensions if they can prove there’s no viable alternative for disposal.
Waste Crime ‘Critically Under-Prioritised’
A new report reveals that waste crime is being treated with dangerously low priority across the UK. The scale is staggering — an estimated 38 million tonnes of waste is illegally managed each year, costing billions and undermining legitimate operators.
House of Lords Calls for Crackdown on Waste Crime
The House of Lords Committee on the Environment and Climate Change has issued a scathing report criticising the lack of coordination between regulators, councils, and law enforcement.
National Litter and Fly-Tipping Strategy
The Scottish Government has published its Year 2 update and Year 3 action plan on litter and fly-tipping. There’s progress — including six new monetary penalties from SEPA and improved data sharing.
Deposit Return Delays and Transparency Row
In other news, the head of Circularity Scotland claims vital details about Scotland’s failed Deposit Return Scheme were “kept from” the organisation, raising questions about how the scheme was managed behind the scenes.
Topic: Household Waste Recycling Sites (HWRCs)
This week’s main discussion dives into Household Waste Recycling Sites — or, as most of us still call them, the tip. Jane reminds listeners that under the Environmental Protection Act 1990, councils are legally required to provide these facilities free of charge for householders (though not for businesses). They’re a vital part of the local waste system — taking everything from garden waste and cardboard to fridges, batteries, and hazardous items like asbestos.
Alasdair and Jane explore the challenges councils face running these busy sites: traffic management, health and safety, limited space, and the occasional misunderstanding over what goes where. They discuss the importance of good signage, clear layouts, and simple preparation at home — sorting waste into separate piles before arriving can make all the difference.
They also talk about the rise of booking systems, introduced during COVID and now used by several councils. Alasdair is a fan — saying it cuts queues, reduces abuse toward staff, and helps councils collect data to plan better. Jane sees both sides, warning that some residents dislike needing to book ahead and that digital exclusion could leave some people behind. Still, both agree that for many councils, it’s made life easier, safer, and more efficient.
The episode also shines a light on the human side of HWRCs — the staff who run them. Sadly, violence and aggression toward operators is becoming more common, with some councils now using body cameras for safety. Jane notes how important proper training and communication skills are, and Alasdair points listeners to SWITCH's Violence and Aggression resources, including a video from Falkirk Council that’s worth sharing.
Finally, they celebrate the potential of reuse and repair at HWRCs — from on-site “reuse shops” to community partnerships recovering wood, paint, and furniture. There’s huge potential to move further up the waste.
Rubbish Rant: Waste Crime Without Consequence
This week, Alasdair’s rant circles back to the House of Lords’ waste crime report. He reminds listeners that legitimate waste operators are often the real victims — forced to compete with illegal traders offering “cheap” disposal by cutting corners. “At the end of the day,” he says, “it’s the people hiring these low-cost operators who drive the problem.”
As always, the message is clear: responsible waste management needs proper enforcement, smarter systems — and a public willing to do the right thing.
This week, Alasdair is joined by Amanda Young, an engineering PhD student at the University of the West of Scotland, who’s taking the fight to fly-tipping, quite literally — she’s a two-time ISKA world kickboxing champion!
Amanda’s research focuses on the relationship between kerbside bulky-waste collections and fly-tipping across Scotland, digging into why so many people still resort to dumping items illegally. Through interviews, surveys, and council data, she’s uncovered some striking patterns — including how charging for bulky uplifts, inconsistent services, and long waiting times can unintentionally push people toward illegal disposal. For many, it’s not laziness but lack of access, transport, or awareness of the right channels.
She and Alasdair unpack the social side of waste behaviour — how people’s decisions are shaped by stigma, convenience, and affordability. They explore the reality that bulky items like sofas, fridges, or mattresses often get dumped because it’s easier than navigating collection systems that differ from one council to another. As Amanda points out, “people aren’t necessarily trying to break the rules — they just don’t always know how the system works.”
The discussion also highlights the positive work happening across Scotland, from councils piloting free or low-cost bulky uplift schemes to social enterprises rescuing and repairing reusable furniture. Amanda argues that building circular economy principles into local waste services — focusing on reuse and community value — could reduce fly-tipping while supporting social good.
Alasdair is impressed by Amanda’s ability to connect data with lived experience, showing how waste management isn’t just an environmental issue but a human one. Her findings show that empathy, clear communication, and equal access are just as crucial as enforcement in tackling fly-tipping. The pair also touch on Amanda’s presentation at the Sardinia Symposium, where she shared Scotland’s story on an international stage and drew inspiration from global approaches to waste prevention and circularity.
By the end of the episode, Alasdair admits Amanda might have changed his mind on charging for bulky uplifts — proof that research and practical insight can shift even seasoned industry views.
Useful Links:
If you live in Scotland and would like to voice your opinions on fly-tipping in your community and the kerbside collection for household bulky items (e-waste, furniture, white goods), please click here.
If you would like to connect or follow the research journey, connect with Amanda on LinkedIn.
This week, Alasdair and Jane start with a listener shout-out!
A big thanks to Deborah Saxton from Saxton Consultancy, who got in touch after our AD episode to share news of a Spanish company developing food waste pre-treatment tech — sounds like a future guest in the making!
And our favourite confession of the week? Someone fell asleep listening to Rubbish Talk and woke up to Jane Googling the scientific name for mad cow disease. It still counts as a listen!
News Roundup
Turning Beach Waste into Footwear
A new BBC story highlights an entrepreneur who’s transforming discarded flip-flops into brand new sandals. He collects waste flip-flops from beaches across Southeast Asia and South America, using the plastic for soles of stylish new shoes made in Spain. Now an ambassador for a government loan scheme, he’s proving that sustainable startups and circular design can walk hand in hand.
Ashes on the Hills — A Different Kind of Waste
The John Muir Trust is calling for more respect in how people scatter ashes on mountains. Alasdair and Jane discussed how some hikers are leaving visible piles of ash on popular peaks — creating environmental and ethical dilemmas.
Fishing Nets to 3D Printing Filament
From the Cornish coast comes a great story of innovation: one man’s mission to turn discarded fishing nets into material for 3D printing, making everything from sunglasses to motorbike parts. In this Guardian feature, he calls it a “one-man recycling revolution”, and his micro-factory-in a container concept could scale globally.
A businesses in the South West are pushing back against the UK’s new EPR rules. According to the BBC, some firms say the new packaging tax will raise prices, but as Alasdair notes, “why should councils — and the public — pay for disposal when producers profit from the packaging?”. It’s a fair question. Whether the cost hits the checkout or the council bill, the shift could finally drive smarter packaging design.
Topic: Fridge Recycling Waste Journey
This week, Alasdair and Jane continued their waste journeys with one of the bulkiest and most complex household items — the humble fridge. Around 3 million fridges and freezers are discarded every year in the UK, which works out to an average lifespan of just nine years.
Fridges might look harmless, but they contain refrigerant gases like CFCs and HFCs, which have a global warming impact up to two tonnes of CO₂ per fridge. These gases sit not only in the cooling system but also in the insulating foam, which is why proper recycling is so important. When a fridge reaches the end of its life, it can be collected by the retailer, uplifted by the council, or taken to a Household Waste Recycling Centre before being sent to an authorised treatment plant such as GAP Alba in Perth.
At these facilities, fridges go through a careful dismantling process. The refrigerant gases and oils are first extracted from the compressor, which is then removed for recycling. The remaining shell is shredded in a sealed environment to prevent any gases escaping, while metals and plastics are separated for reuse. The insulating foam is turned into solid recovered fuel, and only a small fraction of the material becomes waste.
The key message? Whether it’s 9 old or 20, your fridge has a significant environmental footprint when it’s not handled correctly. So when it finally gives up, make sure it’s recycled through an approved facility.
Rubbish Rant: Roadside Litter Madness
This week’s rant turned to roadside rubbish after Jane spotted Transport Scotland’s new litter campaign on Facebook, highlighting the risks to road workers who have to collect discarded waste.
While Keep Scotland Beautiful and the Scottish Government’s new litter and fly-tipping action plan are trying to tackle the issue, Alasdair remains sceptical — there’s plenty of talk, but not much action.
News Roundup
Renewables Overtake Coal as the World’s Top Power Source
According to BBC News, renewable energy — mainly solar and wind — has overtaken coal as the world’s largest source of electricity for the first half of this year. While China and India lead the charge, richer nations like the US and EU are lagging behind. Jane shares her sunny holiday observations of solar panels in Greece, while Alasdair notes Scotland’s growing wind power and the massive investment needed to reconfigure the national grid.
London’s Air Quality Hits Legal Targets for the First Time
For the first time since 2010, nitrogen dioxide levels in London have dropped within legal limits — largely thanks to the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ). Alasdair reminds listeners that these schemes are not just about climate change but public health, with air pollution linked to around 9,500 premature deaths annually in London alone.
Fly-tipping or Just a Bit of Litter?
One woman faced a £300 fine after putting an envelope in a public bin following an online collection. Thankfully, the council backed down — but it sparked debate over how far enforcement should go. As Alasdair points out, the right approach would’ve been to recycle the wrapper at a supermarket soft-plastics point.
Fly-tippers Strike Again — 40 Tonnes of Waste Dumped on a Farm
In Essex, a farmer discovered 40 tonnes of suspected hazardous waste dumped on his land, facing a £26,000 bill to clear it. Alasdair and Jane discuss how waste crime like this is rising, often linked to unscrupulous operators dodging disposal fees — and how it unfairly penalises landowners.
Topic: Waste Journeys – Food Waste
This week, Alasdair and Jane trace the journey of food waste through the anaerobic digestion (AD) process — where microbes transform leftovers into methane gas (used for energy) and digestate (used as fertiliser).
With England introducing mandatory food waste collections by March 2026, the hosts explore how this system works and why it’s key to cutting carbon. Food waste makes up nearly 30% of household bins, half of which is avoidable — but when recycled, it becomes a valuable resource.
Jane breaks down the biology: AD is a controlled, oxygen-free process where microbes “digest” food waste, producing biogas for electricity, heating, or vehicle fuel, and a nutrient-rich fertiliser to replace chemicals on farms.
Alasdair explains the economics: AD plants now accept food waste for as little as £16 per tonne — or even pay for clean loads — compared to nearly £190 per tonne for landfill or incineration.
The pair also discuss quality standards like PAS 110, contamination issues (tea bags, fruit stickers, and “biodegradable” liners that don’t actually degrade in AD), and why consistency in food inputs keeps the process healthy — for bugs and business alike.
Key Takeaway: AD turns waste into value — but it only works if we do our bit. Separate your scraps, keep plastics out, and let nature do the rest.
Rubbish Rant: Buffet Waste Woes
This week it’s Jane’s turn for a rant— and it’s about buffets.
On holiday, she was shocked by how much untouched food people left on their plates. Her verdict? “You should only be allowed to go up for seconds if you’ve finished everything on your plate!”
Alasdair agrees, noting that some hotels like Premier Inn have switched from buffet breakfasts to cooked-to-order meals to cut waste. Together, they call for a culture shift — less piling up, more portioning smartly. Because even when food is plentiful, waste shouldn’t be.
This week we sit down with Larry Kotch, CEO of Flybox, to explore how black soldier fly larvae can transform organic by-products into high-value protein and fertiliser (frass). Larry’s route to insects started at university, studying environmental governance and waste policy in South Africa. A dissertation on early insect operations “bit him by the bug,” but an entomologist steered him toward business first. After building a 40-person software agency, he returned to his original passion and co-founded Flybox to make insect systems practical for the waste sector.
Larry frames Flybox as insect waste management, not “insect farming.” Larvae are nature’s clean-up crew: in controlled, food-factory-style environments they eat organic material and, in around eight days, upcycle it into larvae (protein) and frass (fertiliser). Unlike linear “burn for energy” routes such as incineration or even AD, this approach keeps nutrients circulating—food becomes larvae, which become pet food and aquafeed ingredients, while frass returns to soils. The model is modular and highly automated: by-products are milled into a porridge (ideally ~70% moisture), dosed with juvenile larvae that Flybox supplies on subscription, grown at ~30°C, then sieved to separate larvae from frass. Outputs can be sold live, frozen, dried or defatted; Flybox can also buy back product via offtake.
Regulation shapes what goes in. In the UK/EU, Category 3 ABP rules prevent using post-consumer “black bin” food waste as feed; the focus is pre-consumer by-products. Other regions are more permissive (some even allow manures). Warmer climates lower energy needs, but feedstock reliability and logistics matter. Today’s strongest markets are premium pet food and aquaculture, with a long-term push toward mass fishmeal pricing as technology improves and organics policy evolves. Larry notes how subsidies and gate-fee dynamics for AD/EfW can distort feedstock economics; as “Simpler Recycling” and landfill/biodegradable bans bite, on-site circular options become more attractive—especially for producers whose by-products are now being turned away from AD.
Who’s adopting? Waste management companies (they control feedstock and need circular solutions) and food manufacturers/retail/distribution (seeking on-site treatment, lower costs, and “zero-waste” reporting—larvae turn a “waste” into a feed ingredient). In the UK, operators want low-labour systems, so Flybox leans into automation: robotic stacking/sieving, conveyors and climate control in modular “fly boxes” or warehouse-scale tunnels. Typical entry scale is 0.5–1 tonne/day, with the next-gen platform targeting 30–50 t/day sites. Operationally, dosing is critical—too few larvae and material remains wet and hard to handle; too many and you waste potential. Backup power and ventilation are designed in to keep conditions stable and odours controlled.
On perception and safety, Larry stresses there are no swarms of flies. Only a small breeding cohort matures; production larvae are harvested well before pupation. For householders wary of “maggots in the caddy,” he explains it’s usually down to flies laying eggs in poorly sealed bins or long storage times—good practice prevents it. Looking ahead, Flybox is completing a funding round to expand its Cheshire R&D/demo site, roll out Gen-3 for larger facilities, and move several active projects from design into construction.
Key takeaway: Insects aren’t a gimmick—they’re a credible, circular organics solution that can turn by-products into protein and fertiliser in just eight days. As policy and collection systems shift, modular insect units could help waste managers and food producers cut disposal costs, reduce emissions, and create products, not just energy.
Useful Links 🔗
News Roundup
Scotland’s £1.3 Billion Food Waste Problem
A new Zero Waste Scotland report reveals households are binning £1.3 billion worth of food every year — that’s around £234 per person, or nearly £100 a month for the average family. Shockingly, 73% of that waste was edible. Overcooking, poor planning, and not using food in time are the main culprits. With a landfill ban for biodegradable waste due in January 2026, the pressure to cut food waste is mounting.
Recycle Week: Toothpaste Tubes Go Plastic-Only
Toothpaste brands are switching from hard-to-recycle aluminium–plastic tubes to fully plastic designs, making them technically recyclable. With 25 million tubes sold annually in the UK, it’s a big step forward — but Alasdair points out a gap: while they can be recycled, most facilities aren’t yet equipped to capture them. For now, they may still end up in general waste.
Energy-from-Waste & Carbon Costs: A SUEZ Warning
A new SUEZ report challenges fears that the emissions trading scheme (ETS) will inevitably send waste-to-energy costs soaring. Councils, it argues, can reduce exposure by improving recycling rates and targeting “carbon-heavy” waste streams like plastics, electricals, and nappies. Alasdair highlights that better infrastructure today could mean lower costs tomorrow.
Topic: Recycling Collection Systems
This week we looked at how recycling collections compare across Scotland, England and Wales—and why some systems deliver better outcomes than others.
In Scotland, the Household Recycling Code of Practice was introduced in 2016, aiming to standardise collections of paper/card, plastics/metals/cartons, glass and food waste. Nearly all councils signed up, but consistency remains patchy. Different bin colours and rules confuse the public, and Zero Waste Scotland estimates 81% of what goes in residual bins shouldn’t be there. Food waste collections are also underused, showing the system is in place but underperforming.
England is now rolling out “simpler recycling,” due by March 2026. This standardises collections with four core containers—including a weekly food waste service for most households. It’s a big shift, but councils face major operational challenges: sourcing new bins, adapting routes, and finding capacity at treatment facilities. Soft plastics are also on the agenda, but without reprocessing infrastructure in place, their recyclability remains questionable.
Wales continues to lead with around 57% recycling. Its kerbside sort system delivers higher-quality recyclate, supported by legally binding recovery targets that drive consistent progress. This mix of clear targets, high-quality outputs and strong public engagement has kept Wales ahead of the rest of the UK.
Key takeaway: Recycling systems only work if they deliver both quality and consistency. Wales proves that clear targets and well-designed services can transform results. For Scotland and England, the biggest gains now lie in getting food waste out of residual bins, aligning messaging with infrastructure, and ensuring what’s collected can actually be recycled.
Rubbish Rant: Back Lane Dumping
This week’s rant was more of a “mini rant” from Alasdair. While out and about, he’s noticed more and more items being abandoned in back lanes — old furniture, bags of waste, or random junk left outside garden gates. The problem? It doesn’t just disappear. Often it sits there for weeks or months, creating eyesores and attracting more fly-tipping.
As Alasdair points out, extra bins mean more are stored in lanes rather than gardens — but that seems to encourage some people to leave other things out too. Whether it’s wishful thinking or just avoiding a trip to the recycling centre, it’s a bad habit that quickly turns shared spaces into dumping grounds.
Key takeaway: Bins are for waste, not the back gate. If it’s bulky, book a collection or take it to the recycling site — don’t expect it to vanish on its own.
News Roundup
Wet Wipe Island on the Thames
A 180-tonne “island” of congealed wet wipes has formed near Hammersmith Bridge — the size of two tennis courts and a metre high. Thames Water is using an 8-ton excavator to remove it, but the bigger issues are people flushing wipes containing plastic and storm overflows bypassing treatment. Police are even trialling “spike-trap” devices to trace repeat sewer blockers back to households — with fines a possibility.
Waste Crime Crackdown in Lincolnshire
The Environment Agency has confiscated £75,000 from illegal operators, but what’s new is fining machine drivers and waste hauliers too. With landfill tax now £126/tonne, waste crime is profitable, but prosecuting the whole chain could hit harder.
Food Waste Costs Families £90/Month
In Wales, the average family bins nearly £1,000 of food a year — even with collections available. Research shows 80% could have been eaten. Alasdair notes that separating food often makes households realise just how much they waste.
North Ayrshire’s Reuse Row
A political spat erupted after second-hand mattresses and furniture were reused for council homes. Critics called it undignified, but Alasdair argues it’s common sense: cleaning and reusing good items gives them a second life and keeps them out of landfill.
Pannage Pigs in the New Forest
Hundreds of pigs have been released for the annual season to eat acorns, toxic to ponies and cattle. With new food waste collections, concerns are rising they’ll target bins too — proving that “pannage season can be carnage.”
Topic: Waste Collection Methods
Alasdair and Jane explore how household collections evolved over 200 years.
In the early 1800s, waste was dumped in streets and rivers, fuelling cholera outbreaks until the Public Health Act (1848) made councils responsible. “Dust yards” collected coal ash and cinders, reused in brick-making and farming.
Milestones since:
Today’s methods:
The hidden cost? In 2018, household waste services cost £154 per household per year — about 7p in every £1 of council tax. Crews face expensive vehicles, routing challenges, and health/safety risks (think gas canisters or lithium batteries).
Key takeaway: From ash bins to wheelie bins, collection has always adapted. But one simple fix we missed? Standardising bin colours nationwide to cut confusion.
Rubbish Rant (Well… Not Quite!)
This week, Alasdair broke tradition — no rant, just positivity.
Fresh from the resource management show at the NEC, he found the sector buzzing: packed talks, busy stands, and a real sense of momentum.
Key takeaway: Waste isn’t just about problems — it’s about innovation, collaboration, and the energy driving us forward.
News Roundup
Fire at S Norton’s Glasgow East Facility
Another week, another fire — this time at S Norton’s Glasgow East site. Six appliances attended, and thankfully no one was hurt. Alasdair notes around four refuse vehicles catch fire daily in the UK, often from lithium-ion batteries. Without stronger producer responsibility, these fires will keep happening.
£500m Skelton Grange EfW Facility Opens in Leeds
Enfinium has opened its £500m energy-from-waste plant in Leeds, designed to process 410,000 tonnes a year and generate 49 MW. It highlights the UK’s continued reliance on EfW as landfill space shrinks.
Dutch Waste Tax Hikes Risk ‘Waste Tourism’
The Netherlands plans big waste tax increases to raise €567m, but critics warn it could push waste abroad. Alasdair compares it to Scotland’s higher landfill tax, where price gaps risk shifting waste rather than solving the problem.
John Lewis Highlights £29m EPR Costs
John Lewis has added £29m to cover extended producer responsibility. Jane welcomes overdue accountability, while Alasdair says producers should pay for the waste they create — though retailers may simply pass the cost on.
12 September marked Plastic Overshoot Day — when global plastic generation exceeds capacity to manage it. With 28kg per person worldwide (likely higher in the UK), packaging drives one-third of production.
Toxic Landfill Leachate Mixed with Sewage
A Guardian story raised alarms about landfill leachate mixed into sewage sludge and spread on farmland. Alasdair explains it’s longstanding practice, with fertiliser benefits but real concerns over PFAS and microplastics. The fix lies upstream, not just at the last stage.
Topic: Landfill – The Last Resort?
In our final waste-hierarchy episode, we cover disposal. Both Jane and Alasdair began their careers on landfill sites, so this one’s close to home.
In the late ’80s and ’90s, nearly everything went to landfill. Concerns about leachate and gas migration pushed the UK toward liners, leachate treatment, and gas control. By the ’90s, the UK led in landfill engineering, with gas-to-energy powering homes.
The EU Landfill Directive (1999) forced higher standards and split sites into inert, non-hazardous, or hazardous. Scotland now has no hazardous sites — all waste goes south.
Landfill Tax introduced in 1996 at £7 per tonne, now stands at £103.70 per tonne in both England and Scotland. It successfully drove diversion to recycling and EfW — but also fuelled waste crime, as rogues undercut lawful disposal.
Scotland’s 2026 biodegradable landfill ban will remove household/commercial waste, but industry waste still needs outlets. With falling tonnages, some operators may not invest in new lined cells, risking shortages and long haulage — already an issue in the Highlands.
It’s not all bad: landfill gas-to-energy remains a key renewable, restored sites support wildlife, and there’s interest in landfill mining or storing plastics in mono-cells for future recovery.
Key takeaway: Landfill is still needed, but only as a true last resort. The better we reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover, the less waste ends up buried for future generations.
Rubbish Rant: Coffee Cup Chaos at Edinburgh Airport
Alasdair’s rant this week comes from Edinburgh Airport. He spotted “coffee cup only” bins full of other rubbish — and worse, dual bins (cups vs residual) both leading to a single bag. If it all goes to residual, why separate?
The UK bins 3.2bn cups annually, costing councils £5.1m, while big brands contribute just £45k via the National Cup Recycling Scheme — barely 0.01% of profits. Add public confusion (plastic iced cups ≠ coffee cups), and it looks more like PR than real progress.
Jane shared a brighter note, trying a BorrowMyCup at Glasgow’s Transport Museum. If every UK resident reused just one cup, that’s 69m fewer disposables.
Key takeaway: Misleading bins and token funding won’t cut it. The real fix? Bring your own cup and reuse.
This week on the Rubbish Talk Podcast we welcome a special guest – Andy Rees OBE, Head of Waste Strategy at the Welsh Government – for a fascinating conversation about how Wales became a global leader in recycling and what the rest of the UK can learn from their approach.
Andy’s career spans over 25 years in waste policy, starting with a background in geochemistry and water pollution before moving into waste strategy in the late 1990s. Since then, he has helped shape a system that has transformed Wales from a 5% recycling rate to nearly 70%, earning international recognition and making Wales second in the world for recycling.
Andy explains Wales success lies in its focus on consistency, quality, and public engagement. Weekly collections of separated materials – paper/card, glass, plastics/metals, and food waste – ensure high-quality recyclables that manufacturers actually want. Mandatory workplace recycling reinforces the message beyond households, creating a culture of recycling “at work, rest and play.” Food waste has been a particular priority, with capture rates rising from 45% in 2018 to 58% in 2022 thanks to strong communication campaigns and accessible weekly services.
But Andy is clear that recycling is just the beginning. The Welsh Government’s Beyond Recycling strategy looks to the next step: prevention, reuse, repair, and remanufacturing. From reuse hubs to plastic film recycling trials and investment in local processing facilities, Wales is working to keep resources circulating in its economy for as long as possible, creating jobs and reducing reliance on raw materials.
There are challenges, of course. Behaviour change takes time, political pressures can make bold decisions difficult, and new infrastructure requires investment. Yet Andy’s message is simple: be brave and stick with it. Wales was once told that 25%, 40%, even 70% recycling targets were impossible – but persistence paid off.
The key takeaway from this episode is that clear systems, strong public engagement, and political courage can transform waste management. By designing for quality, supporting reuse, and persevering through resistance, we can build a truly circular economy that benefits both people and the planet.
News Roundup 🗞️
EU Plastics Recycling Industry Warns of Imminent Collapse
The European plastics recycling sector is in crisis. Falling demand, rising costs, and low-priced imports are pushing facilities to the brink. By the end of 2025, Europe could lose 1m tonnes of recycling capacity. Alasdair links this to UK plant closures — a worrying trend that risks undoing progress on circularity.
Plastic Energy Produces First Recycled Oil at Dutch Plant
Some brighter news: Plastic Energy has produced its first batch of pyrolysis oil (TACOIL™) in the Netherlands, using hard-to-recycle plastics as feedstock. Jane calls it a breakthrough: turning unrecyclable waste back into raw material. Full commercial production is expected later this year.
QMRE Secures Permit for Plastic-to-Oil Operations in Kent
QM Recycling Energy has secured a permit in Kent to process up to five tonnes of plastic waste a day into oil. Smaller in scale than Plastic Energy, but another sign that advanced recovery technologies are moving forward.
DEFRA to Reform Waste Carrier, Broker and Dealer System
DEFRA plans major changes to waste carrier regulation, moving to permits and exemptions. The aim is tackling waste crime, but Alasdair warns against painting the whole industry as “criminal.” Enforcement should focus on true offenders, while the public needs clearer communication about why rules (like bulky uplift changes) are in place.
Topic: Your Waste, Your Responsibility ♻️
This week Jane and Alasdair take on litter — and the myth that “the bins were full” is an excuse. At its heart: responsibility. Under the Environmental Protection Act 1990, everyone has a legal duty of care from the moment waste is created until it’s finally dealt with. That applies to households, businesses, and contractors alike.
On a daily level, that means simple things: if a bin’s full, use another or take waste home. Don’t stack bottles on top or leave bags beside bins — that’s still littering.
The duty becomes even more critical with home renovations. If a builder’s “mate with a van” fly-tips your bathroom and the bags trace back to you, you’re liable. Always ask carriers where waste is going, check they’re licensed (SEPA in Scotland, the Environment Agency in England), and get proof. If a price looks too cheap, it probably ends in a lay-by.
The scale is huge: Scotland sees 250m visible items of litter each year and tens of thousands of fly-tipping incidents, costing tens of millions to clean up. Penalties exist — £80 for littering and £500 for fly-tipping — and new rules mean litter thrown from vehicles can now be penalised via the keeper. But laws only matter if enforced.
Takeaway: Leave no trace. Carry rubbish to the next bin, fold cups, stack containers, and compact waste to leave room for others. Responsibility doesn’t end when you drop it — it’s on all of us to cut the 250m items blighting Scotland each year.
Rubbish Rant: Batteries Burning the Sector 🔥
Another week, another fire — this time at a Scottish site run by Cireco. While still under investigation, it reflects a growing crisis: lithium-ion batteries in the waste stream. Across the UK, an estimated four refuse collection vehicles catch fire daily, often triggered by hidden batteries from vapes, earbuds, and electronics.
Alasdair argues operators can’t keep carrying the blame when the real issue is producers and poor product stewardship. Despite take-back rules, too many batteries end up in bins. Stronger producer responsibility is needed — clearer labelling, proper collection, or even a deposit-return model for vapes.
Jane adds that public education is vital: the real frontline is householders choosing what to put in the bin.
Takeaway: Fires put workers, facilities, and services at risk. Producers and government must step up, while the public takes responsibility for safe disposal.
News Roundup
KKR Set to Sell Viridor for £7bn
Private equity giant KKR is preparing to sell UK recycling firm Viridor, five years after buying it for £4.2bn. With a potential £7bn price tag, it shows how lucrative waste infrastructure has become — even as Viridor’s Kent plastics plant closure highlights ongoing market challenges. Alasdair notes that many UK energy-from-waste sites are up for sale, reflecting both volatility and profitability.
Global Plastics Treaty Talks Collapse
Two weeks of negotiations ended without agreement on reducing plastic production or tackling plastic pollution, as lobbying pressures derailed progress. Jane and Alasdair voice frustration at yet another missed chance to address this global crisis.
Indaver has walked away from the troubled Ness Energy-from-Waste facility in NE Scotland, leaving original owner ACW in charge. Though now operational again, the disruption forced councils to arrange costly landfill back-up — a stark reminder of infrastructure fragility.
UK’s First Lithium-ion Battery Recycling Facility
LIBAT has opened the UK’s first lithium-ion battery recycling site, using nitrogen to safely shred batteries and recover cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium. While “black mass” is still exported for final processing, this is a key step in tackling a fast-growing waste stream.
Major Fire at Dunfermline Landfill
A blaze at Cireco’s Lochhead landfill destroyed equipment but caused no injuries. It’s the latest in a worrying pattern of fires linked to batteries and vapes. With 3–4 waste vehicle fires a day in the UK, Alasdair calls for stronger measures to keep hazardous items out of bins.
Topic: Recover the Energy of Waste Produced
This week, Alasdair and Jane continue their journey through the waste hierarchy, arriving at recovery — the stage where we extract energy from what’s left after we’ve reduced, reused, and recycled.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a clear win: it turns food and organic waste into methane for energy and digestate for farmland. Yet only 20% of Scots use their food waste bins. Full participation could erase Scotland’s current energy-from-waste (EfW) capacity gap.
EfW, often dubbed incineration, deals with what’s left. Modern facilities meet strict emission standards and can supply electricity, heat, and recover metals from ash. Shetland’s district heating scheme is proof of how well this can work.
But EfW faces issues: high costs, inflexibility, and criticism for destroying resources that future tech might recover. With Scotland’s biodegradable landfill ban (Jan 2026) and up to 700,000 tonnes of waste still needing homes, EfW is vital — but far from perfect. Add the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (2028), which could add £80–£90/tonne, and it’s clear we must focus harder on prevention and proper recycling.
Takeaway: Use your food waste caddy, recycle right, and reduce what you bin. The less we throw away, the less we need to burn.
Rubbish Rant: Coffee Cups & Empty Promises
This week’s rant targets the National Cup Recycling Scheme. Backed by Costa, McDonald’s, Pret, and Greggs, it’s launched a £45,000 fund for cup recycling. Sounds good? Not when the UK bins 3.2 billion cups annually, costing over £5m just to dispose of. Against those figures — and the massive profits of these brands — £45k looks like PR, not progress.
Alasdair’s verdict? Skip the disposables. Bring your own cup. One reusable could stop you adding to the 49 cups per person the UK throws away each year.
Final Thought: Real change isn’t token gestures — it’s cutting waste at the source.
News Roundup
Scotland’s Recycling Reality Check
The Scottish Government’s new report shows that while some materials (like food waste) are recycled locally, much of Scotland’s “recycling” is just bulked and shipped elsewhere. Alasdair stresses the need to distinguish between material prepared for recycling and what’s actually recycled at home — a gap that reveals both challenge and opportunity for Scotland’s circular economy.
Violence Against Waste Workers on the Rise
A SUEZ report reveals violence and abuse towards waste workers is up 42%. Sadly, it’s a common issue. Through SWITCH, Alasdair has helped promote training and awareness, stressing that abuse is never acceptable. Useful resources: SWITCH Aggression Resources.
Kingussie High Leads on Reuse
Good news from Kingussie High School, where pupils will swap single-use lunch packaging for reusables. Packaging made up 9% of their waste — so this step is a big win, and perhaps proof they’ve been listening to our reduction and reuse episodes!
Local Sustainability vs. Big Business
Former guest Bryce Cunningham (Ep. 61) of Mossgiel Dairy has lost his East Ayrshire Council milk contract to multinational Muller. Bryce supplied organic, local milk in bulk, cutting packaging and supporting local jobs. His loss highlights how procurement focused only on cost can ignore environmental and community benefits.
A Dog with a Nose for Litter
Finally, meet “Little Logie,” a black Labrador from Plymouth trained to collect bottles and cans on walks. If a dog can tidy up the coast, surely we can all manage our litter. Follow his cleanup adventures on Instagram!
Topic: Recycle the Waste You Produce
Jane and Alasdair move onto the third stage of the waste hierarchy: recycling. Too often seen as the ultimate solution, recycling only works when done right — and comes after reduce and reuse.
Almost anything can be recycled in theory, but without clean streams and proper systems, much isn’t viable. Coffee cups, films, and food-contaminated packaging are major culprits, while “wish cycling” (wrong items put in the bin in hope) only makes things worse. Around 20% of UK household recycling is spoiled before it even reaches processors.
High-value recycling happens when glass bottles or cardboard become the same products again. But plastics are often “downcycled” into lower-value items due to poor separation. Contamination and weak markets make it harder — virgin materials often undercut recycled ones despite landfill tax at £126/tonne.
Simple habits matter: rinsing containers, separating films, tearing greasy pizza boxes, and using food waste bins (still only 20% used in Scotland). Maggot fears usually come down to poor segregation, not the system.
Stats show Scotland’s recycling rate at 42.1% — behind England (44%), NI (50.2%), and Wales (57%). With strong systems already in place, Scotland should be leading, but better public engagement is essential.
Takeaway: Clean, separated recycling means stronger markets, lower costs, and a system that works for everyone.
Rubbish Rant
Two rants this week.
First, Alasdair’s beach walk revealed litter left after a sunny weekend, while Jane shared “Bin Wars” from her local Facebook group. Complaints about overflowing bins sparked calls for bigger ones, but as Jane said: take responsibility for your own waste.
Later, Alasdair turned political, reacting to a new £52–56k role at Zero Waste Scotland for a Circular Economy Behaviour Change Analyst. Local authority depot managers overseeing 100+ staff earn about the same — yet face daily abuse, safety risks, and huge responsibility. His point? It’s not that analyst roles lack value, but frontline workers often aren’t recognised equally.
Takeaway: We all need to own our rubbish — and rethink how we value the people keeping the system running.
This week on the Rubbish Talk Podcast we welcome a special guest – Michael Cook, Chief Executive Officer of Circular Communities Scotland – for an in-depth conversation about the role of community-led projects in building a circular economy. Michael’s journey into the sector wasn’t part of a grand plan; he began his career in financial services before moving into the third sector, where he has now spent seven years leading an organisation that has grown from just four staff to a team of ten, and from 115 members to an impressive 268 charities and social enterprises.
Circular Communities Scotland’s mission is to work nationally, focus on community-led action, and support projects that keep resources in use for as long as possible. Michael explains that the charity’s work falls into two main strands: supporting its members through events, training, and resources such as funding seminars, and representing them at policy level, advocating for changes that make reuse and repair easier. Their recently published Reuse First Manifesto calls for exactly these kinds of systemic shifts.
Although the sector is growing, Michael is clear that challenges remain. Competing with cheap, quickly replaced products is difficult, especially when repair costs can outweigh replacement prices. Funding uncertainty is a constant issue for many third-sector organisations, often forcing them into short-term planning. There is also a pressing need for product design standards that make items more repairable and longer lasting. Michael points out that the benefits of reuse are not as visible as a wind turbine or an electric car, but the impacts are real—creating jobs, reducing poverty, strengthening communities, and cutting carbon emissions.
Changing mindsets is a big part of the challenge. Michael would like to see second-hand and reused goods become socially desirable rather than “second best.” His vision is for sharing libraries and repair hubs to be a fixture on every high street, backed by a level playing field that allows circular economy businesses to compete on price. He also believes we need to better communicate the social and environmental benefits of reuse, repair, and sharing so they are valued alongside more visible environmental initiatives.
For anyone wanting to get involved, Michael recommends visiting their website and using the “Reuse Near Me” map to find local projects by material type. Whether you’re looking to donate, volunteer, or simply learn more, there’s likely a project near you making a difference.
The key takeaway from this episode is that a circular economy is as much about people as it is about resources. By rethinking how we use and value our possessions, we can create jobs, support communities, and protect the planet.
Useful Links from Michael:
• 🌐 Website: www.circularcommunities.scot
• 📍 Member Map: Find a reuse project near you
• 📄 Impact Report 2024: Read here
This week we dig into one of construction’s most misunderstood materials: plasterboard. Why is it banned from landfill? What risks does it pose? And why is so much still being tossed into skips?
News Roundup
Plastic & Public Health
A report in The Lancet warns plastic pollution is damaging human health at every stage of life and costing $1.5 trillion annually. Alasdair and Jane discuss how even "sustainable" packaging choices like plastic wine bottles raise questions, and highlight growing concerns about microplastics in food and drink.
Recycling Industry Turmoil
Biffa has closed its Sunderland plastics plant — the latest sign that UK recycling capacity is under pressure. Meanwhile, Veolia is investing £70m in a new facility in Shrewsbury. Alasdair argues we need better reporting: baling is not recycling.
Waste Crime Update
The Joint Unit for Waste Crime released its 2024–25 report. A few vehicles and sites were inspected, but Jane and Alasdair agree: the scale of enforcement is nowhere near what’s needed.
Landfill Tax Reforms
Plans to scrap the lower tax rate for inert waste could see the cost of landfill rise dramatically — from £4 to over £126 per tonne. The hosts warn this could trigger a spike in fly-tipping unless recycling systems are improved.
Rubbish Rant:
Jane’s had enough. A skip in her village was filled with reusable plasterboard, timber, and cardboard — all good materials thrown away. A builder at the pub even said they used to reuse everything.
Even if the skip is heading for a recycling site, Jane points out that only the biggest, cleanest bits get recovered. The rest? Lost to landfill or incineration.
Alasdair links it to his appearance on The Gaffer podcast: half a sheet of plasterboard might not seem like much, but over time that waste adds up — in cost and carbon.
Takeaway: If you’re producing waste, you can help reduce it. Segregate. Reuse. Ask your contractor where the skip is going.
Topic: Deep Dive Into Plasterboard
Plasterboard contains gypsum, which breaks down in landfill and creates hydrogen sulphide — a toxic, sometimes fatal gas. That’s why the UK banned it from landfill back in 2009.
But despite the ban, plasterboard is still showing up in general waste skips. Alasdair’s recent TikTok (now with over 79k views) showed exactly that — and sparked heated responses ranging from “I paid for the skip, I’ll do what I want” to “they’ll sort it at the plant.” But will they?
The reality is: plasterboard can only be recycled if it’s clean and separated. Jane and Alasdair explore where gypsum comes from, how it can be reused, and how take-back schemes (like Knauf and British Gypsum) rely on good on-site practices. Mixed skips = lost opportunity.
With newer plasterboard products containing foil, foam and other layers, the recycling process is becoming more complex. Still, the key message is clear: segregate at the source.
Got thoughts or feedback? Email hello@rubbishtalk.co.uk or connect on TikTok, Instagram, LinkedIn or Facebook.
See you again next Thursday at 4pm!
This week, we're moving to the second stage of the waste hierarchy — reuse! Alasdair and Jane unpack the importance of giving things a second life, whether it's takeaway tubs turned into lunchboxes, refilling your water bottle, or buying a jacket second hand.
News Roundup
UK Recycling: Up overall, but Scotland’s slipping
New stats show UK recycling rose to 44.6% in 2023, but Scotland fell behind at just 42.1%. Despite having food waste segregation for over a decade, public engagement still lags. Wales led the way again with 57%.
Zero Waste Scotland shake-up
Iain Gulland will step down as CEO of Zero Waste Scotland by the end of 2025. Alasdair hopes new leadership will take things back to basics and focus on building public understanding before pushing ambitious circular economy targets.
£1.1 billion for recycling infrastructure
The UK government has committed £1.1bn from packaging reforms to improve local recycling services. Businesses will now pay to cover the cost of managing the packaging they produce — a key part of extended producer responsibility (EPR).
Wet wipe ban on the way in Wales
Wales has announced a ban on plastic-containing wet wipes by December 2026, and England is consulting on doing the same. Scotland has yet to commit. Jane and Alasdair revisit the infamous London fatberg, made of congealed oils, wipes, and… Kit Kat wrappers.
Greenwash alert: Kit Kat’s "recyclable" wrapper
Kit Kat’s new plastic wrapper claims it can be recycled “if opened in one piece.” But Alasdair is sceptical — where can the public actually recycle it? And who’s collecting it? More greenwash than green action.
TikTok is buzzing
Our TikTok is gaining momentum! Alasdair’s video on plasterboard in skips racked up over 79K views, leading to next week’s episode topic: why plasterboard is banned from landfill, and what we can do with it.
Alasdair’s guest appearance on “The Gaffer”
He recently featured on The Gaffer podcast with Gavin Coyle to talk construction waste, plasterboard, and practical tips for small contractors. Link coming soon.
Topic: Reuse the Waste You Produce
Reusing is often the simplest and most effective way to cut waste. Alasdair explains it best: if every person in the UK reused a plastic bottle just once, we’d remove 68 million bottles from the system overnight. That's huge.
Jane and Alasdair chat about practical ways reuse shows up in daily life: reusable flasks, food containers, takeaway tubs, and yes — those trendy Stanley cups. They also touch on initiatives like BorrowCup in Glasgow and Circular Communities Scotland, which connects people to reuse and repair hubs near them.
They also revisit Episode 57 with Anthony Burns from ACS Clothing, a company pioneering clothing reuse, repairs, and rental at scale — showing that reuse isn't just for individuals, it's a business model too.
From Vinted to charity shops, repair cafés to secondhand tech, the tools are there — it’s just about building new habits.
Rubbish Rant: Misleading Headlines
This week’s rant? Sensationalist headlines. One paper claimed households could be fined £200 for binning toothpaste tubes incorrectly. The truth? New bin rules in England are targeting gross contamination, not honest mistakes.
Alasdair calls out the media for causing fear rather than clarity. And realistically, most toothpaste tubes aren’t even accepted in kerbside recycling — yet.
This week’s solution:
• Use items fully
• Know what your council accepts
• And don’t believe everything you read in bold print.
Welcome to the new format of Rubbish Talk!
Rubbish Rant
Why can’t we just take our litter home?
In our first-ever official Rubbish Rant under the new podcast format, Alasdair kicks things off with a very relatable frustration: litter left behind on Scottish beaches after a sunny weekend. Despite bins being placed every 20 yards, people still leave glass bottles, overflowing bags, and general waste scattered around — creating hazards for wildlife and kids alike.
Jane jumps in to highlight the absurdity: if you managed to carry your full bottles and picnic gear to the beach, surely you can carry the lighter, empty waste back? Not to mention the seagull buffet that results when bags are left beside bins.
The Rubbish Talk Rule: No rant without a solution!
This week’s fix? Take your litter home and recycle it properly — it’s easier, cleaner, and safer for everyone.
This Weeks Topic: Reduce the Waste You Produce
The best waste is the waste you never create.
This week, Alasdair and Jane unpack the very top of the waste hierarchy: waste prevention. While most people jump straight to recycling, it’s actually the third best option — and this episode explores how to stop waste before it even starts.
Don’t need it? Don’t buy it.
Alasdair kicks things off with the perfect example: the running race t-shirt drawer. How many freebies do we really need? Instead, opt for charity donations or tree-planting schemes if you’re given the choice.
Say no to plastic tat.
Whether it's kids’ toys from fast food meals or birthday party clutter, there’s a massive opportunity to rethink what we gift and consume. Jane recalls McDonald’s Happy Meal toys — fun for 5 minutes, landfill for 500 years.
Borrow, don’t buy.
Libraries, toy libraries, tool libraries — they're all brilliant alternatives to purchasing things you’ll only use once. Plus, they help rebuild that old-school community spirit of sharing what you already have.
Shop with a plan
Impulse buys, over-ordering food, falling for “Buy One Get One Free” deals — these all lead to waste. Planning meals, checking your cupboards, and asking "do I really need this?" before clicking buy can make a massive difference.
Your challenge this week:
Before you buy anything — online or in-store — take a moment to check if you already have it, really need it, or can borrow it instead. Let us know how you get on at hello@rubbish.co.uk or tag us on social media!
News Roundup
Alasdair Eats McDonald’s for the First Time in 10 Years
What followed was an impromptu waste audit: 93 grams of packaging from one meal. Multiply that by 1.4 billion UK orders per year, and that’s 130,000 tonnes of waste, much of which won’t be recycled.
Despite most packaging being technically recyclable, fast-food waste often ends up in overflowing bins or as litter. Alasdair even made a few videos breaking this down — check them out on our TikTok @rubbishtalkpodcast to see the waste in action!
Dutch Innovation Tackles River Plastics
The Netherlands has developed the world’s first self-sorting microplastic trap for rivers — using only water flow physics.
Inspired by fish gills, the trap filters out plastic while allowing natural debris to pass through, collecting up to 82% of floating plastic waste — without power or moving parts. It’s a smart step in fighting pollution at the source.
Landfill Ban Looms in Scotland
Scotland’s 2026 landfill ban on biodegradable waste is fast approaching — and the country is not ready. With limited incineration (waste-to-energy) capacity and some plants shutting down, the waste industry is facing a huge challenge.
We're potentially looking at 90+ lorries a day transporting waste to England, just to keep up. It’s a logistical, environmental, and policy mess that desperately needs attention.
This week on Rubbish Talk, we’re joined by Charlotte Davies, Senior Consultant at Beyondly and the first-ever Early Careers President for CIWM. Charlotte shares her inspiring journey into the world of waste and resources—from her early climate-conscious student days to leading work on packaging, circularity, and life cycle assessments. She opens up about the quirks of bin audits, the impact of new legislation like EPR, and why raising the profile of waste is crucial in tackling the climate crisis. Packed with insight, passion, and the perfect amount of rubbish humour, this episode is a must-listen for anyone curious about how waste fits into the bigger sustainability picture.
In Episode 66, we’re joined by Rod Paterson, Senior Purchasing Manager at Ekman Recycling and Commercial Director at Alan Morris Recycling. Rod reflects on his decades-long journey through the waste and recycling industry — from his early days in septic tanks to leading award-winning teams and driving business growth. Along the way, he shares hard-earned lessons in health and safety, thoughts on industry inconsistencies, and why people remain at the heart of everything he does. A candid, insightful, and at times hilarious conversation you won’t want to miss.
Tune in to Episode 56 of Rubbish Talk as Jane and Alasdair welcome Louise Robertson, founder of the Sustainables Academy, to explore her game-changing circular-economy curriculum, youth-led sustainability clubs and “Just One Thing” eco-actions. Discover how her volunteer-powered platform is empowering teachers and students in 61 countries to design waste out of the system—one classroom at a time.
In episode 64 of Rubbish Talk, we sit down with Guy MacGregor, Business Development Director at Binn Group. Guy shares insights into their innovative eco-park in Scotland, where they’re transforming waste management through recycling, renewable energy, and cutting-edge technologies. Tune in to hear how Binn Group is leading the way in sustainability and the future of waste management!