Jonathan Little details a decision-making flowchart for responding to bets in poker. The core concept is determining the optimal action (fold, call, or raise) based on four key factors: hand type, nut advantage, stack depth, and position. The strategy emphasizes calculating minimum defense frequency to avoid over-folding and polarizing one's range (making it appear to consist primarily of very strong or very weak hands) to maximize profitability. The podcast also highlights common mistakes, such as raising too many marginal hands, and advocates for a more nuanced approach to betting decisions based on the specific context of the game.