Francisco Madero begins his second phase of mediumship under the guidance of a spirit identified as José—supported by another spirit identified only as BJ (probably liberal icon Benito Juárez). These spirits encourage Madero to engage in political action and eventually in armed rebellion, against the increasingly corrupt and authoritarian regime of Porfirio Diaz.

A special thanks to the Center for Humanities and the Arts at the University of Colorado and to the following historians, whose scholarship was influential for this podcast:

Manuel Guerra, Luna Enrique Krause, C.M. Mayo, Roberto Narváez, Alejandro Rojas, Ignacio Solares, Yolia Tortolero Cervantes

Production Credits

Produced by Steven Renderos

Hosted by Robert Buffington & Sam Buffington

Music featured on this episode

"Coconut Cowboy" by Roy Williams

"Dark Tavern" by Walt Adams