Pay now or pay later? That’s the central question of Roth conversions—and one of the most powerful levers in retirement tax planning. In this episode, Ryan and Zane unpack when conversions make sense, how to size them intentionally, and what rules you need to respect along the way.   Using real-life examples, they explain how to project your income, manage tax brackets, and avoid costly mistakes with Medicare IRMAA, Social Security taxation, and five-year withdrawal rules. You’ll also learn how Roth conversions can reduce lifetime taxes, improve flexibility in retirement, and create a tax-free legacy for your heirs.   Check out the episode show notes for the 2025 Roth Conversion Fact Finder and learn how to model your own bracket room before making a move.   Subscribe to the Retirement GPS Podcast and follow Zynergy Retirement on Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn @ZynergyRetirement for more strategies to keep your retirement on course.