Meet Charles J. Limb, surgeon, neuroscientist, and lifelong musician — who’s just as comfortable behind a jazz piano as he is in the operating room. These days he’s the Francis A. Sooy Professor and Chief of Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery at UCSF, Director of the Douglas Grant Cochlear Implant Center, and head of the Sound and Music Perception Lab. But before all of that, Charles was a kid at the piano at age five, later picking up the saxophone in middle school. By his teens, he was hooked on improvisation — shaping melodies on the fly — and that spark of creativity led him deep into the world of jazz. Somewhere along the way, the drive to “do something important” pulled him toward medicine. His fascination with sound and music merged perfectly with the precision and artistry of otologic surgery. But Charles didn’t stop there — he wanted to understand what’s actually happening in the brain when we create. During his post-doctoral research fellowship at the NIH, he did something remarkable: he placed professional musicians in an fMRI scanner and studied their brain activity while they played both memorized pieces and improvised on them. The results opened a new window into the neural pathways of creativity. Today, his curiosity is boundless. From jazz piano to freestyle rap, from children’s creativity to stand-up comedians, Charles continues to map the brain’s improvisational magic. He’s even exploring whether music-based improvisation therapy can boost mental flexibility, problem-solving skills, and motor coordination. In our conversation, Charles shares stories from his musical beginnings, his groundbreaking research, and why he believes creativity — whether in art, music, or science — is one of the most powerful forces we can study. https://www.artsandmindlab.org/charles-limb-md-mapping-the-creative-minds-of-musicians/