Question:
When is information material to patentability according to the duty to disclose?
Answer:
Information is material to patentability when it is not cumulative to information already of record or being made of record in the application, and

* (1) It establishes, by itself or in combination with other information, a prima facie case of unpatentability of a claim; or
* (2) It refutes, or is inconsistent with, a position the applicant takes in:

* (i) Opposing an argument of unpatentability relied on by the Office, or
* (ii) Asserting an argument of patentability.



Chapter Details:
The answer to this question can be found in chapter 2000 of the MPEP. This chapter covers Duty of Disclosure.
The answer is from the 9th Edition, Revision 01.2024, Published November 2024. Depending on future changes to the MPEP, the question and answer may or may not be applicable in later Editions or revisions.
Section Summary:
This question and answer comes from section 2001.05 of the MPEP.  The following is a brief summary of section 2001.05.
2001.05 Materiality Under 37 CFR 1.56(b)
If information is not material, there is no duty to disclose the information to the Office. The Office believes that most applicants will wish to submit the information, however, even though they may not be required to do so, to strengthen the patent and avoid the risks of an incorrect judgment on their part on materiality.