In this episode of OSCE Talk, Matthew and Peter explore how to take a clear and structured musculoskeletal (MSK) history — one of the most versatile and important skills in clinical exams and everyday practice.
We cover how to assess joint pain, identify patterns and red flags, and distinguish between mechanical and inflammatory causes such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The discussion also highlights the patient interaction side of MSK medicine — from managing chronic pain to recognising its mental health impact.
You’ll also learn how to spot emergency red flags, including cauda equina syndrome, and how to use frameworks like SOCRATES or OPERA to structure your questioning effectively.
Key Takeaways
Use SOCRATES or OPERA to structure your MSK history.
Determine whether pain affects distal or proximal joints.
Morning stiffness often points toward inflammatory arthritis.
Symmetrical swelling suggests systemic inflammatory disease.
Thoracic back pain, numbness, or bladder/bowel dysfunction are red flags.
Always consider cauda equina syndrome in back pain histories.
Address the mental health impact of chronic conditions.
Show empathy — patients with long-term pain often feel frustrated or unheard.
Combine structure with active listening for effective consultations.
00:00 – Understanding MSK History
01:58 – Identifying Symptoms and Patterns
04:47 – Red Flags in MSK Conditions
07:06 – Exploring Cauda Equina Syndrome
09:25 – Patient Interaction and History Taking
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