Dr. Anselm Anyoha explains why some children are shorter than their peers, covering familial short stature, constitutional growth delay, genetic syndromes, low birth weight, chronic illness, nutrition, medications and hormonal causes. He describes how pediatricians evaluate growth with family history, growth curves, bone age and targeted tests. The episode gives practical guidance on reassurance, monitoring, when to investigate further, and when to refer to specialists (endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, nephrologists, geneticists) so early evaluation can identify treatable causes.