In this episode, we talk about how much of the modern Middle East got the borders we see today, from Iraq to Syria to Jordan to Israel. While there are exceptions to this (notably Saudi Arabia and some of the eastern countries), I track the national borders back to World War I and discuss the Sykes-Picot agreement that allowed for the current national partitions. This sets the stage for much of the conflict and struggles with identity (ethnic vs religious vs national identities) that we see in the region today.