Thailand has made globally recognized progress in controlling HIV/AIDS, especially by eliminating mother-to-child transmission and significantly reducing new infections among youth. This success is credited to strong public health interventions, nationwide condom campaigns, ART expansion, and multi-sector collaboration. However, ongoing challenges include rising infections among key populations (like MSM and youth), persistent stigma, and underinvestment in prevention — all of which must be addressed to meet Thailand’s goal of ending AIDS by 2030.