Alan Turing (1912–1954) was a pioneering British mathematician, logician, and computer scientist, widely considered the father of modern computing. He formulated the concept of the Turing machine, laying the foundation for theoretical computer science. During World War II, Turing played a crucial role at Bletchley Park, breaking the German Enigma code, which significantly contributed to the Allied victory. He also explored artificial intelligence, proposing the famous Turing Test to evaluate machine intelligence. Despite his extraordinary contributions, Turing faced persecution for his homosexuality, leading to his tragic early death. Today, he is celebrated as a visionary whose work transformed technology and society.