The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the emergence, political economy, and foreign relations of Japan’s interactions with the Middle East, with an emphasis on its relations with the states in the Gulf region. It offers both country-specific case studies and thematic chapters, providing a comprehensive study of Japan’s relations with the Gulf and the broader Middle East. Japan enjoys a strategic partnership with the Arab Gulf countries in terms of energy trade, which has since expanded into a broader trading relationship with the wider Middle East. The book examines Japan’s relations with Israel, Egypt, and Turkey, covering security, the oil sector, and the LNG sector in the Middle East. This depth of analysis allows the book to go beyond its rich analytical and empirical content.