Nassim Nicholas Taleb's The Black Swan explores the impact of highly improbable and unpredictable events that have massive consequences and are rationalised in hindsight. The book argues that our understanding of the world is fundamentally flawed because we underestimate the role of these "Black Swans," focusing instead on predictable events and constructing narratives that make the past seem more comprehensible than it was. Taleb discusses how this blindness to randomness affects various domains, from finance and history to personal lives, highlighting our tendency to confirm existing beliefs and ignore silent evidence. He critiques the reliance on Gaussian models in fields where extreme events are significant and advocates for a mindset that acknowledges and prepares for the unexpected, rather than trying to predict it. Ultimately, The Black Swan challenges conventional wisdom about knowledge, prediction, and the nature of uncertainty in an increasingly complex world.