Why do early mornings feel so brutal for teens? In this episode, we explore the science behind teenage sleep and circadian rhythms and why early school start times may be setting students up for failure. We talk to students from Italy and Germany, and sleep researcher Dr. Anna Magdalena Biller, to understand how biology, not laziness, is behind teen sleep struggles — and what schools, parents, and teachers could do about it. Big thanks to Margha, Lea, Giulia, Alice and Viola for sharing their perspectives on school start times! Links and resources related to the episode’s content: Review: Adolescent sleep & school timing Meta-analysis: School start times and academic achievement Flexible school start study (Germany) Expert report for Belgium (only in German) Timestamps (00:00) Intro & questions to teenagers (04:15) Circadian rhythms and sleep in adolescence (10:15) Consequences of sleep deprivation for teens (12:28) Initiatives aimed at delaying school start times (14:48) Studies on changing school start times (16:55) How do these studies measure sleep? (19:48) Is changing school start times beneficial for teens? (26:40) Challenges with implementation in schools (30:35) What other solutions can we use? (39:50) Outro