A peculiar social order exists in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, where the drug factions that control them permit humanitarian activity which curbs drug use and faction affiliation. Dr. Rodet will discuss how these factions, in the absence of a government presence, fosters legitimacy by the residents. By allowing humanitarian organizations to operate in the favelas, factions are able to obtain cooperation from the residents. Legitimization among residents improves faction profits, while residents benefit from extra legal ‘law and order’, public services and public goods that are not provided by the government.