Summary: Long-duration space missions, exemplified by Wilmore and Williams' extended ISS stay, offer crucial scientific advancements like understanding human adaptation to microgravity for Mars missions and conducting unique experiments. However, they pose significant health risks, including muscle atrophy, bone loss, and potential irreversible damage, raising ethical questions about the cost to astronauts. Pro: Extended missions are vital for pioneering human exploration, especially for long journeys to Mars, providing invaluable data on human resilience and enabling crucial scientific research impossible on Earth. Against: Prolonged exposure to microgravity leads to significant physical deterioration, including bone loss likened to a decade of aging and potential permanent vision changes, raising concerns about irreversible health damage. -- Hosting provided by SoundOn