Today, we delved into the crucial concept of observability for cloud-native systems, a vital shift from traditional monitoring in today's complex, distributed environments. We explored how true observability allows you to ask arbitrary questions about your system's internal state without deploying new code. At its core, observability is built on three pillars: Logs, which tell you "what happened at a specific point in time" with granular detail; Metrics, providing numerical, time-series data to quantify "how many requests per second" or "what is the 95th percentile latency"; and Traces, which map the "complete, end-to-end journey of a single request" to uncover "why it was slow or failed". To put these pillars into practice, we discussed five core patterns: Centralized Logging for aggregating event data; Audit Logging for security and compliance records of "who did what"; Distributed Tracing for understanding behavior across microservices; Metrics Aggregation to quantify system performance and health; and Health Check / Endpoint Monitoring as the pulse of service availability. Integrating these patterns provides a comprehensive strategy for achieving system-wide reliability and quickly diagnosing issues in modern cloud architectures.