Pegasus spyware, developed by the Israeli NSO Group, is a sophisticated tool designed for governments to combat serious crime and terrorism by secretly infecting mobile devices. This software can extract a wide range of data, including messages, calls, and location, effectively granting complete device control without user knowledge. While intended for legitimate law enforcement, Pegasus has been widely misused to target journalists, activists, and political figures through methods like "zero-click" exploits, sparking global concerns about privacy and accountability. Investigations have revealed extensive targeting, leading to legal action against NSO Group and discussions about the broader implications of such spyware for digital security and human rights in an evolving cyber landscape.