This episode examines the long-standing and volatile relationship between India and Pakistan, tracing its origins to the 1947 Partition of British India and the subsequent Kashmir dispute. It details the major conflicts and key tensions that have defined their interactions, including the recurring issue of cross-border terrorism. Furthermore, the document analyzes the geopolitical and ideological factors perpetuating the hostility, the precarious nature of their nuclear deterrence, and the impact of media and third parties. Finally, it discusses the April 2025 escalation, highlighting the difficulty of achieving lasting peace due to deep-seated distrust and structural antagonisms.