In this podcast we talk about the COP16 of the Convention on Biological Diversity which takes place in Cali, Colombia from 21 October to 1 November 2024 and which is defined as the "implementation COP" as negotiations will focus on finalising and agreeing on mechanisms for implementation of the GBF. Our IEEP Biodiversity analyst, Gabrielle Aubert, speaks with Nigel Dudley, whose work focuses particularly on ecosystem services, landscape approaches to conservation, planning and management of protected and conserved areas and measurement of the ecological and social impacts of conservation.