EPISODE NOTES:
Dressing up in costumes and masks has been at the heart of carnival celebrations since the founding of the city in the 1718. In the twentieth century, new groups emerged challenging the status quo and reshaping the festivities into the celebration that is the biggest tourist draw and the most famous public festivities of the Crescent City.

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Resources:
Campanella, Richard. Geographies if New Orleans. Geographies of New Orleans. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana Press, 2006.

Dewulf, Jeroen. From the Kingdom of Kongo to Congo Square: Kongo Dances and the Origins of the Mardi Gras Indians. Lafayette, LA: University of Louisiana Press, 2017.

Kein, Sybil. Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana's Free People of Color. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.

McQueeney, Kevin. “Zulu: a transnational history of a New Orleans Mardi Gras krewe.” Safundi: The Journal of South African and American Studies 19, no. 2 (2018): 139-163.

Melancon, Trimiko. “The Complicated History of Race and Mardi Gras.” Black Perspectives, February 9, 2018.

Mitchell, Reid. All on a Mardi Gras Day: Episodes in the History of the New Orleans Carnivals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Smith, Howard. Unveiling the Muse. Oxford, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 2017.

St. Julien, Aline. Colored Creole: Color Conflict and Confusion in New Orleans. New Orleans: Ahidiana Hibari, 1977.

Stone, Amy. Queer Carnival: Festivals and Mardi Gras in the South. New York: NYU Press, 2022.

Vaz-Deville, Kim Marie. The Babydolls: Breaking the Race and Gender Barriers of the New Orleans Mardi Gras Tradition. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.

Vaz-Deville, Kim Marie. Walking Raddy: The Baby Dolls of New Orleans. Oxford, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 2018.

Williams, Nikesha Elise. Mardi Gras Indians. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2022.

Movies:Producer, George Ingmire and Julie Gustafson. Director, Aaron Walker. (2010) Bury the Hatchet.

Producer and Director, Michal Pietrzyk. (2018) All on a Mardi Gras Day