No battle arguably had more consequences in the Middle East than a confrontation between the Crusader states and Saladin in 1187 at the Horns of Hattin. United in their hatred for Muslims, characters like Reynald de Chatillon antagonized trade caravans and Muslim holy sites. Their actions mobilized the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, Saladin, who baited the large Crusader army into battle where the desert heat inflicted a harsh toll on their enemies. Saladin used the political infighting between the Crusaders to his advantage and ultimately crushed the Crusaders and leaving the lands undefended. Within four months of their victory, Saladin recaptured almost every Crusader stronghold, including Jerusalem and fought off the Third Crusade.