H5N1 Bird Flu Briefing: Public Health Alert

This is an official public health briefing on the global and national situation regarding H5N1 avian influenza, sometimes called “bird flu.” The purpose of this briefing is to inform the public, poultry workers, healthcare providers, and community leaders about the current risk level, symptoms to watch for, and the actions you should take to protect yourselves and your families.

At present, H5N1 continues to circulate widely among wild birds and has caused significant outbreaks in poultry flocks and dairy herds across North America, Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of October 2025, there have been 70 confirmed and probable human cases in the United States since 2024, with most linked to exposure at dairy farms or poultry operations. The first U.S. fatality occurred in Louisiana in early 2025. Internationally, cases and deaths have been reported in Cambodia, China, Mexico, India, and the United Kingdom, often associated with direct contact with sick poultry or contaminated environments.

The current public health alert level remains elevated due to the widespread presence of the virus in animals and the ongoing risk of spillover to humans. While most human infections have been mild or asymptomatic, severe outcomes, including pneumonia and death, can occur—especially in those with underlying health conditions or prolonged exposure. The virus has demonstrated the ability to infect a wide range of mammals, including cows, goats, cats, and even marine mammals, raising concerns about further adaptation and potential for increased transmissibility.

Symptoms of H5N1 infection can range from mild to severe. If you develop fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, or conjunctivitis (eye redness or irritation), and you have had recent contact with birds, poultry, or cattle, seek medical attention promptly. Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or pneumonia-like symptoms require immediate emergency care. Less severe symptoms such as mild fever or fatigue without respiratory distress may be monitored at home, but if they worsen or persist, contact your healthcare provider.

For those who work with poultry, dairy cattle, or in high-risk settings, strict containment protocols are essential. Wear personal protective equipment, including masks, gloves, and eye protection, when handling animals or working in contaminated environments. Practice frequent handwashing and avoid touching your face. If you develop any flu-like symptoms, isolate from others and report your exposure to your employer and local health department immediately. Dairy workers should avoid consuming raw milk from symptomatic animals, as this has been linked to severe infections in both humans and animals.

The general public can reduce risk by avoiding direct contact with wild birds, poultry, or cattle, especially those that appear sick or have died. Do not handle or consume raw or undercooked poultry or dairy products. If you must interact with animals, wash your hands thoroughly afterward. Households with backyard flocks should monitor their birds for signs of illness and report any unusual deaths to local agricultural authorities.

If you suspect H5N1 infection in yourself, a family member, or your animals, contact your local health department or veterinarian right away. For the latest updates, visit the CDC and USDA websites, or call your state’s public health information line. In case of a medical emergency, dial 911 or your local emergency number.

It is important to stay informed, but there is no need for panic. The risk of widespread human-to-human transmission remains low, and public health officials are closely monitoring the situation. Continued vigilance, prompt reporting, and adherence to prevention guidelines are our best tools to limit the impact of this...