The New Tech Geopolitics: how technology has become a central arena for 21st-century national competition and state power

History and Evolution of Techno-Nationalism: tracing its roots from mercantilism and Meiji Japan to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Nationalism vs. Globalism in Technology: the spectrum from techno-globalist cooperation to new and neo-techno-nationalist strategies

US-China Rivalry: the strategic contest driving techno-nationalist policies on both sides

National Security and Economic Drivers: linking tech self-sufficiency to military advantage and prosperity

Critical Technologies: focus areas like semiconductors, AI, quantum computing, biotech, and next-gen communications

Globalization Backlash and Supply-Chain Shifts: how pandemic-era vulnerabilities and populist politics fuel friend-shoring and reshoring

Industrial Policy and National Champions: state subsidies, tax incentives, and R&D funding to build domestic tech leaders

Controlling Tech Flows: export controls, investment screening, and data-localization to deny rivals key capabilities

Future Scenarios (2040): plausible paths from deep fragmentation through competitive coexistence to renewed cooperation