This FRCA Primary Podcast episode dives deep into bupivacaine, exploring its friends (additives), mechanism of action, and clinical applications. We'll also cover the key differences between neuronal and cardiac action potentials, and discuss why levobupivacaine has become the preferred choice in many clinical scenarios. Show notes at: https://gasgasgas.uk/primary-frca-podcast-episode-30-bupivacaine-and-friends/ A podcast for the Primary FRCA Exams ———————— Donations to keep the lights on willingly accepted! Dr Gas Lurks on:  BlueSky: Gas Gas Gas (@gasgasgaspodcast.bsky.social) X / Twitter: GasGasGasFRCA (@GasGasGasFRCA) / X FaceBook: Facebook - Gas Gas Gas Website: www.gasgasgas.uk   Disclaimer / Sage Advice All content is educational in nature, but is never intended to be acted upon independent of organised educational and training structures, and under appropriate supervision for your stage of training.  This information is not a suitable substitute for medical advice and requests for medical advice will not be acted upon. Whilst the body of medical knowledge is slowly shifting and expanding, there are often differing numerics and notions for these core concepts, as such, accuracy of the content is not guaranteed. Where deemed sensible by the author, numerical ranges for technical data and references where reasonable will be present. #FOAMed #frcaprimary #frca #Anaesthetics #Anaesthesia  #Pharmacology #primaryFRCA #GasGasGas