Our guest Dr. Alice Larkin, Professor in Climate Science and Energy Policy at the University of Manchester, sets up the challenge in explaining her work researching "committed emissions" in shipping, that is the GHG emissions to be expected during the lifetime of today's fleet. Her study shows that the carbon budget for shipping will be nearly or completely depleted without immediate emissions reductions. Our guest, Haris Zografakis, a partner with the law firm Stephenson Harwood, explains how shipping can, sector by sector, improve efficiency and reduce emissions by up to 15% and without retrofitting.