Kalibangan is located 210 kilometres from Bikaner, between the towns of Hanumangarh and Suratgarh. Kalibangan is an ancient Indus Valley civilization located in northern Rajasthan state, northwest India. The site has both pre-Harappan and Harappan remains, and the transition between the two cultures may be witnessed there. Luigi Pio Tessitori, an Italian linguist and indologist, found the Kalibangan site. He died at the young age of 32, yet he accomplished much in the field of Indian Prehistory. Dr. Amlanand Ghosh of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) was the first to identify the Kalibangan Archaeological Site as Harappan, after which excavations began. He conducted the most extensive research on Kalibangan in 1951-55, followed by BB Lal and B K Thapar in 1961. According to radiocarbon dating, the Mature Harappan settlement at Kalibangan had to be abandoned approximately 2650 BC.