Simplified Summary of the 3 Marks of Existence
The Three Marks of Existence: impermanence (anicca), suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anatta). These truths help us understand life as it is, and learning to see through their lens is essential for walking the Buddhist path.
Impermanence, or anicca. This is the idea that everything changes.
“We suffer when we cling to or resist what is, instead of opening to the flow of life.” -Tara Brach
“When we recognize the changing nature of life, we loosen our grip on the fantasy of permanence.” -Ruth King
The second mark of existence is dukkha, often translated as suffering. But dukkha is more nuanced than that. It refers to the sense of dissatisfaction we feel when life doesn’t match our expectations.
Bhikkhu Bodhi explains, “Suffering doesn’t mean that life is all misery. It’s the subtle undercurrent of unease that comes from grasping at things that can’t satisfy us in the long run.”
The third mark of existence is non-self, or anatta.
Buddhism teaches that there’s no fixed, permanent “self” inside us. What we think of as “me” is actually a collection of experiences, thoughts, and feelings, all constantly changing.
Kaira Jewel Lingo writes, “When we realize there is no fixed self, we can let go of the constant need to defend or promote our identity. This brings tremendous relief.”
When we bring these three ideas together—impermanence, suffering, and non-self—we start to see life more clearly. We see that change is inevitable, that clinging creates dissatisfaction, and that we’re not as solid and unchanging as we might think. This isn’t a cause for despair. It’s an invitation to live with more presence, flexibility, and compassion.
“The truth is, everything is a dance of change. When we relax into that truth, we find a peace that can hold it all.” Tara Brach
The 3 P’s to remember the 3 Marks of Existence, Life is not Permanent, Perfect or Personal
by Ruth King