Have you ever pondered the seemingly contradictory nature of space? It's a vacuum, devoid of air, yet it isn't perpetually freezing cold. This podcast episode dives into the intriguing physics behind this phenomenon. We'll unravel the difference between temperature, a measure of particle motion, and heat, which is energy transfer. Discover why the vacuum of space drastically limits heat transfer through conduction and convection, the two mechanisms we're most familiar with on Earth. Instead, we'll explore the crucial role of radiation, primarily from the Sun, as the dominant way objects in space gain or lose energy. Learn how the Sun's immense energy can cause objects in direct sunlight to become incredibly hot, even hotter than a summer day on Earth, while those in shadow can become extremely cold due to the lack of other heat transfer mechanisms. Join us to understand why space itself doesn't have a temperature in the way we understand it on Earth, and why the temperature of objects in space is all about the balance of radiation.