Hey there, future high-scorers! It's Artyom - welcome to my academic podcast. Let's kickstart your journey to achieving those top-tier scores on the TOEFL and IELTS. The full lesson and the quiz on the topic is available here <- click to check this out ACTIVE VOCABULARY: 🌱 Seed dispersal: The movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant, using various strategies to ensure the survival and growth of the next generation. 🧬 Evolutionary engineering: The concept of viewing biological structures, like fruits, as highly sophisticated machines designed by evolution for a specific purpose. 🍓 Seduction strategy: A dispersal method where plants invest energy in creating attractive fruits (sweet, colorful) to "bribe" animals into eating them and carrying the seeds elsewhere. 💥 Mechanical dispersal: A strategy where plants use pure physics, such as stored tension, to physically propel or scatter their seeds without relying on animals. 🍑 Drupes: A type of fruit, like a peach or cherry, characterized by a fleshy outer part surrounding a hard, protective pit (or "stone") that contains a single seed. 🍇 Parthenocarpy: A biological process, often encouraged by humans through breeding, where a plant develops fruit without the fertilization of ovules, resulting in seedless varieties. 💧 Differential drying: The process where different layers of a fruit pod dry at different rates, creating immense internal tension that leads to an explosive release of seeds. 🦜 Seed predators: Animals that consume and destroy seeds, rather than dispersing them. Plants evolve defenses, like hard pits, to protect against them. ☠️ Deadly Nightshade: A plant that produces berries containing toxic alkaloids lethal to mammals but harmless to specific birds, ensuring only its intended dispersal agents can eat the fruit. 🌶️ Capsaicin: The chemical compound in chili peppers that produces a sensation of heat, acting as a deterrent to prevent certain mammals from eating the fruit. Hello, this is Artyom Tsymbal, a specialized English language instructor. If you need to improve your English for business or prepare for TOEFL, IELTS & GRE, then you've come to the right place. In addition, I help with preparing the full package of documents for foreign universities and prepare you for interviews in English. I would be happy to help you and am ready to answer your questions. CONTACT ME @TELEGRAM