My guest is Dr. Francesca Antonini, a historian and scholar of Antonio Gramsci. Dr. Antonini teaches at the Ca' Foscari University in Venice Italy. Her latest book is an exhaustive study of Gramsci's theory of Bonapartism, and it is entitled, Caesarism and Bonapartism in Gramsci: Hegemony and the Crisis of Modernity. In this discussion, we examine the Marxist view of Bonapartism and how it differs from liberal theories, the different periods of Gramsci's thinking on the concept, how Bonapartism relates to fascism in Gramsci's thought and why Gramsci retains the idea of Caesarism even though Marx rejected it. Please support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/c/emancipations