In this episode, Professor Eugene Rogan, a leading historian of the modern Middle East from Oxford University talks with Odin Linardatou about the deep-rooted origins of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, tracing back before 1948, and discuss why breaking the cycle of violence remains so challenging. From the impact of the Balfour Declaration and British colonial policies to the complex roles of regional and global powers—including France, Russia, the US, Turkey, and Iran—Professor Rogan analyzes the shifting dynamics, especially in light of recent developments under President Trump.