PARKISONS  DISEASE

Parkinson’s is a progressive, degenerative disease that affects nervous system function, according to the Mayo Clinic. The nerve cells in the brain, called neurons, progressively malfunction, or die off. This, in turn, prevents the brain from producing enough dopamine, a chemical that acts as a messenger for brain signal that control movement, coordination and other key functions.

Parkinson’s is most seen in adults older than 50 and is more frequent in men than women.

Doctors aren’t totally sure why people get Parkinson’s, there is evidence, that genetics may play a role in some cases, other risk factors, may include repeated head trauma and exposure to certain chemicals or heavy metals.

Parkinson’s has four main symptoms: Tremor in hands, arms, legs, jaw, or head.

Muscle stiffness, where muscle remains contracted for a long time.

Slowness of movement.

Impaired balance and coordination, sometimes leading to falls.

People with Parkinson's disease often develop a parkinsonian gait that includes a tendency to lean forward; take small quick steps; and reduce swinging of their arms. They also may have trouble initiating or continuing movement.

Several disorders can cause symptoms similar to those of Parkinson’s disease. People with Parkinson’s-like symptoms that result from other causes, such as multiple system atrophy and dementia, are sometimes said to have parkinsonism.

While these disorders initially may be misdiagnosed as Parkinson’s, certain medical tests, as well as response to drug treatment, may help to better evaluate the cause.

Many other diseases have similar features but require different treatments, so it is important to get an accurate diagnosis as soon as possible.

There is currently no cure for Parkinson’s, although medications that mimic or enhance the effects of dopamine, in conjunction with physical therapy, diet and exercise intervention, may help reduce symptoms, according to the Mayo Clinic.

In advanced cases, doctors may also implant signal-carrying electrical sensors into the brain in hopes of mitigating some symptoms.

Though it can’t be cured, Parkinson’s itself is not fatal, the University of Maryland Medical Center notes. That said, complications from the disease — including decreased motor function and impaired swallowing — can shorten a person’s lifespan.