In this episode, we explore the evolution of modern drug modalities, from traditional small molecules and biologics to cutting-edge RNA, gene, and cell therapies. We discuss landmark regulatory approvals, including CRISPR gene editing and novel cell therapies, and highlight how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is accelerating discovery, optimizing drug design, and streamlining manufacturing. The episode compares the advantages and challenges of each modality and emphasizes integrated R&D strategies to deliver next-generation treatments for chronic, oncologic, and neurological diseases. Produced by Dr. Jake Chen.