"The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays" by Albert Camus. The author explores the concept of "absurdity," which he defines as the discrepancy between the human desire for meaning and the apparent purposelessness inherent in the universe. The text examines the experience of absurdity from different perspectives, including suicide, artistic creation, the search for freedom, and the relationship with death. Through a comprehensive analysis of philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Chestov, and Jaspers, Camus argues that the appropriate response to absurdity is not escape, but rebellion, freedom, and passion.