[Summary] “The Archaeology of Mind” delves into the field of affective neuroscience, which studies how our emotions arise from ancient neural networks in the brain. The authors argue that emotions are not simply cognitive interpretations of our surroundings, but rather are fundamental, evolved systems with their own unique neural pathways. They explore seven primary emotional circuits: SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, LUST, CARE, PANIC/GRIEF, and PLAY, analyzing their function in both humans and animals. They also discuss how these circuits are influenced by learning and experience, highlighting the importance of epigenetic factors and the potential for developing new therapies based on this understanding.