Choline, a pseudovitamin, is required by all mammals including the dairy cow for many essential functions. Research in supplementing rumen protected choline really took off about twenty years ago, however continues today to best understand how this feed through additive can positively influence profitability. Dr. Usman Arshad joins the conversation for this episode to highlight his comprehensive summary of all the peer reviewed, published research completed on Choline. Listen in to best understand the assumed mode of action choline uses to help provide an improved efficiency in milk production for the majority of the lactation, even when only fed during the 42-day transition period. The findings we discuss are published in the recently released paper titled: Exploring choline's important roles as a nutrient for transition dairy cows Topics of discussion 1:19       Introduction of Dr. Usman Arshad2:17       What is Choline?3:45       Phospholipid production – choline’s role6:15       How does choline impacts the transition Cow7:46       Fatty acid impact on the Liver 8:39       Major factor choline plays on fatty acid transport 13:16    Twenty year average Milk Response when feeding choline for 42 days (-21 to 21 dim)15:47    Milk Response when feeding choline – more current average from 2020-202417:18    Mode of action, intestinal lining?20:02    Additional possible modes of action21:47    Choline as a treatment for fatty liver 23:24    Choline results in elevated milk yield, regardless of body condition score 26:16    Inflammation through in early lactation 27:29    Energy cost of bacterial infection30:30    What’s the one take home message for boots on the ground dairymen31:35    Return on investment calculations Featured article: Exploring choline's important roles as a nutrient for transition dairy cows #2xAg2030; #journalofdairyscience; #openaccess; #MODAIRY; #Choline; #transition; #transitiondairy; #vitamin; #fattyacid; #negativeenergybalance; #TMR; #dairysciencedigest; #ReaganBluel;