Our latest podcast explores the case for IO in early-stage NSCLC in our once in a lifetime world – the current Australian context. We review the medical oncology and surgical perspective of the current evidence for clinical benefit and what we have available in Australia. As clinicians, we are trained to give our best treatment up front, so patient discussion is important in an environment where we can only prescribe IO therapy once during the patient’s lung cancer disease. Dr Deme Karikios, Medical Oncologist from Nepean Hospital and Co-Chair of the Oncology Drugs Working Group is joined by Dr Lauren Brown, Medical Oncologist and Research Fellow at Nepean, Blacktown & Westmead Hospitals and Dr Stephen Barnett, Cardiothoracic Surgeon at the Austin Hospital, Peter MacCallum, Royal Melbourne and Western General Hospitals. CheckMate816: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2202170 IMpower010: https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(23)00764-0/fulltext Neotorch: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2813880 Keynote671: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01756-2/abstract AGEAN: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2304875 CheckMate770: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2311926