
The lightning-fast substitution of public money for private money, and the increasing popularity of cryptocurrencies, have raised concerns about financial stability worldwide. Given that cash in Sweden is fast becoming something of a tourist attraction, it’s not surprising that Sweden is leading the way in Europe with the e-krona project. Already in 2017, the Swedish Riksbank started a study on how the e-krona could be issued to the general public. This article summarises the technical infrastructure and the two-tier model that was tested in phase 2 of the e-krona pilot.