More than 18 months ago the day had finally arrived. After years of discussions, consultations, draft and ultimately definitive texts, MiFID II entered into force, one year later than planned. Since 3 January 2018, all investment companies in Europe have had to comply with MiFID II.

I can hear you think: “January 2018? Old news! Surely that’s no longer relevant?” In fact, the opposite is true. The European regulator (ESMA), the European Commission and the Dutch regulator (AFM) have not sat idle over the past 18 months.