The relationship between Jews and Christians includes historical and theological elements. It also includes an emotional aspect that most often surpasses the former. The emotions go both ways. For Jews there is a natural emotional reaction connected to historic Christian anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism. Many Christians, however, hold or retain very emotional responses to Judaism that are surprising to Jews.  In order to fully appreciate this relationship and the source of Christian anti-Judaism and anti-Semitism, this component must be recognized.