This episode focuses on the core themes of the HEREDITARY project: cutting-edge AI and advanced analytics, multimodal health data, and the vital issues of data privacy and security. It explores how AI and machine learning are reshaping scientific research—unlocking new possibilities while raising important questions around privacy and citizen engagement. Using HEREDITARY’s bold vision and methodology as a foundation, it highlights how AI can become a powerful driver of EU leadership in science and innovation. Joining the discussion are Elisabetta Biasin, Researcher at the KU Leuven Centre for IT & Law (CiTiP) and HEREDITARY project partner, and Helena Ledmyr, Director of Development and Communications at the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF). They share expert insights into how AI is transforming brain research, while navigating the complex legal, ethical, and regulatory frameworks that come with it. By the end of this episode, listeners will gain a clear view of how AI is powering new frontiers in neuroscience, better understand the legal landscape, and take away practical ideas for meeting data protection and ethical requirements in research.