
Rectal cancer is a type of carcinoma that begins in the tissues of the rectum, the final part of the large intestine. While often grouped with colon cancer, rectal cancer presents unique challenges due to its location near critical structures, such as the sphincter, bladder, and reproductive organs. This proximity makes diagnosis, treatment for rectal cancer, and surgical decisions especially complex. In some cases, tumors extend from the rectum into the sigmoid colon, which may require combined treatment planning and precise imaging to determine the best approach.
According to the World Health Organization [1], colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In Germany alone, over 60,000 new cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed annually, with approximately one-third affecting the rectum. Survival rates vary significantly depending on the stage at which the cancer is detected. While early-stage cancers (stages 1 and 2) have 5-year survival rates above 80%, late-stage disease, especially with metastasis, significantly reduces the chance of long-term remission.
Unfortunately, rectal cancer often develops silently. Many patients receive a diagnosis only after experiencing symptoms, such as bleeding, bowel obstruction, or abdominal pain. These are the signs that may indicate a more advanced stage. Despite the challenges, advances in rectal cancer treatment have transformed the outlook for many patients. Today, with timely intervention, innovative therapies, and individualized care, there is real hope. More and more people are not only surviving rectal cancer but regaining their health and returning to fulfilling lives.
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