A glioma is a type of primary brain tumor that develops from glial cells of the brain and spinal cord. It comprises more than 24% of all primary brain tumors, around 50-70% of which are malignant. Glioma can affect both adult and pediatric patients, with adults over 65 and children under 12 suffering more frequently than other age groups. Depending on the specific type of cells tumor originates from, there are three main types of glioma: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma. Based on how differentiated the tumor is, it can be identified as low-grade (usually benign) and high-grade (malignant) tumors.
Apart from being the most prevalent type of primary brain tumors, gliomas are extremely challenging to manage. Survival rates also vary greatly depending on tumor location, differentiation, and patient age. Low-grade gliomas can sometimes grant up to 90% chances of 5-year survival. However, survival of patients with glioblastoma rarely exceeds 10%, whereas brainstem gliomas, such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, do not guarantee even 2-year survival for children after diagnosis confirmation. Due to the complex and complicated nature of these malignancies, there is an urgent call for novel glioma treatments in order to grant better chances for survival.
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